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Anatomy 2 Unit 2 > 12 - Larynx > Flashcards

12 - Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

The larynx is a hollow

A

musculoligamentous structure with a cartilaginous framework, capping the lower respiratory tract.

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2
Q

The larynx is both a valve (or sphincter)

A

to close the lower respiratory tract, and an instrument to produce sound.

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3
Q

We will see that the larynx is suspended from the

A

hyoid bone superiorly and attached to the trachea inferiorly by membranes and ligaments.

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4
Q

The pharynx is a

A

musculofascial half-cylinder that links the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the larynx and esophagus in the neck. The pharyngeal cavity is common for the respiratory tract and digestive tract.

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5
Q

The pharynx is the

A

common entry to the digestive and respiratory tracts, two systems that connect directly with the external environment and allow direct access the our internal environment.

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6
Q

Thyroid Cartilage: 2 lamina unite

A

anteriorly, forming a Single cartilage

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7
Q

Thyroid Cartilage: Superior thyroid notch sits

A

superior to the laryngeal prominence. This is a palpable landmark, as is the inferior thyroid notch.

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8
Q

Thyroid Cartilage: Stem of

A

epiglottic cartilage attaches posteriorly via the Thyro-epilgottic ligament

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9
Q

Thyroid Cartilage: Anterior ends of vocal ligaments converge

A

converge below epiglottis

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10
Q

Thyroid Cartilage: The oblique line, found on the lamina, is the attachment site for

A

extrinsic muscles of the larynx (sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, & inferior constrictor mm.)

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11
Q

Thyroid cartilage: Superior horn attaches

A

via the lateral thyrohyoid ligaments to the hyoid bone.

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12
Q

Thyroid cartilage: Inferior thyroid cartilage horns articulate with

A

cricoid cartilage (medial surface)

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13
Q

Thyroid cartilage lies

A

Lies between C4 & C6

Hyaline cartilage

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14
Q

Corniculate Cartilage

A

Paired, minor cartilage

Small horn-shaped cartilages

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15
Q

Corniculate cartilage: Rest on apices of

A

of arytenoid cartilages

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16
Q

Corniculate cartilage: Lie in

A

aryepiglottic fold

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17
Q

Corniculate cartilage: consists of

A

Elastic cartilage

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18
Q

Triticeal Cartilage: is a

A

Paired, minor cartilage

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19
Q

Triticeal Cartilage: consists of

A

Small rounded cartilages

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20
Q

Triticeal Cartilage: Lie in

A

posterior fold of thyrohyoid membrane = lateral thyrohyoid ligament

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21
Q

Triticeal Cartilage: these are

A

not always present

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22
Q

Cricothyroid Joints - Synovial joints between

A

cricoid & thyroid cartilages

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23
Q

Cricothyroid Joints - Held together by

A

cricothyroid ligaments

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24
Q

Cricothyroid Joints - Anterior movement & tilting of

A

thyroid cartilage

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25
Cricothyroid Joints - Inferior laryngeal nn. run just
posterior to joints
26
Larynx: Internal Spaces: Aditus –
superior opening (inlet)
27
Larynx: Internal Spaces: Vestibule –
area superior to vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
28
Larynx: Internal Spaces: Ventricle –
area between vestibular folds & vocal folds
29
Larynx: Internal Spaces: Infraglottic cavity
– area inferior to vocal folds (true vocal cords)
30
Rima = space between | Vocal cords
the two folds R & L of the same pair
31
Forced inspiration: | Vocal cords
Vocal folds abducted and rima glottidus wide open vestibule open
32
Vocal cords | Phonation:
vocal folds adducted and stridulating as air is forced between them vestibule open
33
Vocal cords | effort (forced) closure
vocal folds and vestibular folds adducted Rima glottidus and vestibule closed.
34
Food, etc. may enter
aditus & lodge in vestibule
35
Blockage may seal off
larynx & produce muscle spasms Vocal cords then close – no air passes
36
Death results in ~5 min. if
larynx not opened
37
Vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles action
shortening/relaxation of vocal ligaments
38
Laryngospasm: Posterior cryoarytenoid mm. vital in
maintaining open airway
39
Laryngospasm: Laryngospasm is
spasmodic closure of glottis
40
Laryngospasm: Life-threatening as breathing becomes
impossible
41
Laryngospasm: Spasm of laryngeal mm. may occur from
number of causes | Irritating chemicals, pharmaceutical side effects, etc.
42
Larynx: Arterial Supply: Superior Laryngeal a. – supplies
upper larynx
43
Larynx: Arterial Supply: Inferior Laryngeal a. – supplies
lower larynx
44
Superior Laryngeal a. – Br. of
Superior Thyroid a. (runs with Internal Laryngeal n.)
45
Inferior Laryngeal a. – br. of
Br. of Inferior Thyroid a. (runs with Inferior Laryngeal n.)
46
Superior thyroid a. branches to give
Superior laryngeal a. & Cricothyroid a. Runs with the Internal Laryngeal n.
47
Inferior thyroid a. branches to give
inferior laryngeal a. (not shown here) | Runs with the Inferior Laryngeal n.
48
Larynx: Innervation (CN X): Superior Laryngeal n. –
gives rise to internal & external laryngeal nn.
49
Larynx: Innervation (CN X): Internal Laryngeal n. –
pierces thyrohyoid membrane
50
Larynx: Innervation (CN X): External Laryngeal n. –
runs superficial to cricothyroid m.
51
Larynx: Innervation (CN X): Recurrent Laryngeal n. –
descends to circle aorta or subclavian a. & then ascends to larynx
52
Larynx: Innervation (CN X): Inferior Laryngeal n. –
runs posterior to cricothyroid joint
53
injury to laryngeal nn.: Injury to Internal Laryngeal nn. – causes
sensory loss to superior larynx may enable food to more easily enter larynx
54
injury to laryngeal nn. Injury to Inferior Laryngeal nn. – paralyzes
mm. ipsilateral, therefore paralysis of vocal fold ipsilateral
55
Paralysis of inferior laryngeal nn. leads to
Leads to hoarseness as vocal folds cannot meet in midline | Bilateral loss causes almost total loss of voice
56
thyroid cart stops at
superior/inferior horns
57
Thyroid cart type
hyaline cart
58
Thyroid cart oblique line attacment from
inferior p constrictor
59
Lamina is a big
flat surface
60
Signet ring shape
cricoid cart
61
Corniculate and cuneiform
elastic - involved with motion
62
Hyo epiglottic ligament is
firm enough, but very very mobile
63
Corniculate and cuneiform in
quadrangular membrane - have mucosa over them
64
Inferior border of quadrangular lig
vestibular lig
65
Cricothyroid joint affects
tension on ligaments - moved by cricothyroid muscles
66
Cricothyroid m innervated by
external laryngeal nerves
67
Lateral cricothyroid ligament thickened superiory to form
vocal cord
68
posterior cricoarytheniod
only muscle that opens airway - all intrinsic by inferior laryngeal, branch of recurrent laryngeal
69
Transverse and oblique arytenoid msucles
close rima glotidis, also closes epiglotis over inlet
70
Vocalis
contracts, loosening vocal cords
71
Inferior laryngeal - becomes this after passing
cricothyroid joint

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 (15 decks)

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