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Anatomy 2 Unit 2 > 13 - Pharynx > Flashcards

13 - Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

The pharynx is a musculofascial half-cylinder that links the

A

oral and nasal cavities in the head to the larynx and esophagus in the neck. The pharyngeal cavity is common for the respiratory tract and digestive tract.

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2
Q

Pharynx : Extends from skull base to

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage (level of C6)

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3
Q

Pharynx : Consists of

A

circular & longitudinal mm. wrapped in fascia

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4
Q

Pharynx : Lined with

A

mucous membrane containing mucous glands

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5
Q

Pharynx: Lies posterior to the

A

nasal and oral cavities & the larynx

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6
Q

Pharynx: There are 3 regions:

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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7
Q

Pharynx: There are 5 layers:

A 
Mucosa (mucous membrane)
Submucosa
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Muscular layer
Buccopharyngeal fasica
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8
Q

Pharynx: Muscular layer

A

3 longitudinal mm (stylo -, salpingo-, palato- pharyngeus mm.)
3 outer circular or constrictor mm.

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9
Q

Nasopharynx: Structures: Auditory (Eustachian or pharyngotympanic) tube orifice –

A

posterior to inferior concha

Serves as connection between pharynx & middle ear

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10
Q

Nasopharynx: Structures: Torus tubarius –

A

posterior to auditory tube orifice (cartilage of auditory tube)

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11
Q

Nasopharynx: Structures: Pharyngeal recess –

A

posterior to torus tubarius

Groove along lateral pharyngeal wall

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12
Q

Nasopharynx: Structures: Pharyngeal tonsil –

A

postero-superior to torus tubarius

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13
Q

Nasopharynx structures: Salpingopharyngeal fold –

A

mucous membrane covering the salpingopharyngeus m.

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14
Q

Oropharynx: Posterior extension of

A

oral cavity

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15
Q

Oropharynx: Between soft palate &

A

epiglottis

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16
Q

Oropharynx: Passes thru 2 sets of

A

arches laterally

Palatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch

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17
Q

Oropharynx: Palatoglossal arch separates

A

oral cavity & oropharynx

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18
Q

Oropharynx: Palatoglossal arch –

A

mucosal fold over palatoglossus m.

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19
Q

Oropharynx: Palatopharyngeal arch –

A

mucosal fold over palatopharyngeus m.

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20
Q

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsil –

A

in tonsillar bed between 2 palatine arches

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21
Q

Oropharynx: Vallecula –

A

fold posterior to the root of the tongue and anterior to the epiglottis.

~= to a “spit trap”
a temporary hold place for saliva during breathing

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22
Q

Laryngopharynx: Route air and food into

A

trachea and esophagus

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23
Q

Functions of the larynx:

A
  1. Phonation
  2. Regulate size of the opening between the vocal folds
  3. Prevent foreign bodies from entering the airway
  4. Act as a sphincter
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24
Q

Laryngopharynx continues inferiorly to approximately the level of

A

cervical vertebra C6 & the top of the esophagus

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25
Q

Laryngopharynx: Structures:

A 
Epiglottis
Laryngeal cartilages
Piriform recess – 
Internal laryngeal n. –
Superior laryngeal vessels – 
Recurrent laryngeal n. – 
Inferior laryngeal vessels –
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26
Q

Laryngopharynx: Piriform recess –

A

extends laterally to thyroid cartilage

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27
Q

Laryngopharynx: Internal laryngeal n. –

A

descends beneath mucous membrane

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28
Q

Laryngopharynx: Superior laryngeal vessels –

A

run with internal laryngeal n.

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29
Q

Laryngopharynx: Recurrent laryngeal n. –

A

ascends beneath mucous membrane

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30
Q

Laryngopharynx: Inferior laryngeal vessels –

A

run with recurrent laryngeal n.

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31
Q

Recall that the pharynx is a

A

drape of musculature that is suspended from the cranial base. The posterior midline is the attachment of the R & L pharyngeal muscles, which attaches at the pharyngeal tubercle.

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32
Q

A special band of muscle, the palatopharyngeal sphincter originates from the

A

anterolateral surface of the soft palate and circles the inner aspect of the pharyngeal wall, blending with the inner aspect of the superior constrictor.

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33
Q

Thus, the palatopharyngeus muscle functions to

A

elevate the pharynx and in closure of the oropharyngeal isthmus.

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34
Q

When the superior constrictor constricts during swallowing, it forms a prominent

A

ridge on the deep aspect of the pharygneal wall that catches the margins of the elevated soft palate, which then seals closed the pharyngeal isthums between the nasopharynx and oropharynx.

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35
Q

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor m.: Arises from

A

pterygomandibular raphe & medial pterygoid plate & mandible

36
Q

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor m.:

Meets buccinator m.

A

anteriorly

37
Q

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor m.:

Anchored to

A

pharyngeal tubercle of skull superiorly

38
Q

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor m.: Arises from

A

greater horn of hyoid bone & inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament

39
Q

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor m.:

Overlaps

A

superior constrictor m.

40
Q

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor m.:

Stylohyoid ligament, Stylopharyngeus m & CN IX pass between

A

supr. & middle constrictor mm.

41
Q

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor m.:

Arises from

A

thyroid & cricoid cartilages

42
Q

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor m.:

Overlaps

A

middle constrictor m.

43
Q

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor m.:

Internal laryngeal n. & superior laryngeal a. pass between

A

middle & inferior constrictor mm.

Then these pierce thyrohyoid membrane

44
Q

Elevators – Pharyngeal musculature

A

longitudinally orientated

Palatopharyngeas m.

45
Q

Stylopharyngeus m. -

A

arises from styloid process

Descends to blend with fibers of lower constrictor mm.

46
Q

Salpingopharyngeus m. –

A

arises from auditory tube
Descends to blend with fibers of palatopharyngeus m.
Covered by salpingopharyngeal fold of mucosa

47
Q

Pharynx: Arterial Supply: Predominantly via

A

ascending pharyngeal & superior thyroid aa. (brs. of ECA)

48
Q

Pharynx: Arterial Supply: Additional supply via

A

brs. of facial & maxillary aa. (brs. of ECA)

49
Q

Tonsillar brs of lingual & facial aa.

A

Both brs. of external carotid a.

50
Q

Ascending pharyngeal a.

A

Br. of external carotid a.

51
Q

Tonsillar br. of the

A

Ascending Palatine a.

52
Q

Lesser palatine a.

A

Br. of descending palatine a.

53
Q

Pharynx: Innervation: Supplied via

A

pharyngeal plexuses of nn.

54
Q

Pharynx innervation: Superior cervical ganglion – supplies

A

symp. nn. to plexus

55
Q

Pharynx innervation: CN X – supplies

A

motor to pharyngeal mm.

56
Q

Pharynx innervation: CN IX – supplies

A

motor to stylopharyngeus m & sensory to pharynx

57
Q

Loss of motor nn. to pharynx leads to

A

marked dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

58
Q

Loss of sensory nn. to pharynx may cause loss of

A

gag reflex

59
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsil: Consists of lymphoid tissue in

A

roof of nasopharynx

60
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsil: When enlarged, referred to as

A

adenoids

61
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsil: Large adenoids obstruct

A

air flow from nose to nasopharynx
Makes mouth breathing necessary
May also impinge upon torus turbarius & auditory tube orifice
Obstructs air exchange between nasopharynx & middle ear

62
Q

Piriform Recess: Accidentally swallowed objects may become

A

trapped here

63
Q

Piriform Recess: Induce

A

choking sensation & severe coughing

Due to stimulation of int. & rec. laryngeal nn.

64
Q

Piriform Recess: Sharp objects may pierce

A

mucosa
Leads to infection
Injures underlying nn. &/or vessels

65
Q

Pterygomandibular raphe

A

lateral attachment for superior constrictor,

66
Q

Border of oropharynx and nasopharynx

A

soft palate

67
Q

Border of oropharynx and laryngopharynx

A

epiglottis

68
Q

Epiglottis is a soft

A

seal

69
Q

Soft palate forms a

A

hard seal

70
Q

Palatopharyngeal sphincter is where

A

soft palate seals

71
Q

Internal laryngeal

A

sensory

72
Q

External laryngeal

A

motor to cricothyroid

73
Q

Pharyngeal raphe maintains

A

tension on posterior wall

74
Q

Cricopharyngeal muscle

A

inferior specialization of inferior constrictor

75
Q

Salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeas

A

3 elevators of pharynx

76
Q

internal laryngeal nerve

A

in fold below piriform recess

77
Q

Pharyngealepiglotic fold - lateral aspect of

A

valeculla

78
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor and buccinator share attachment at

A

pterygomandibular tubercle

79
Q

Pharyngeal fossa

A

room for vasculature

80
Q

Oropharyngeal triangle

A

exactly as it sounds

81
Q

Pharynx extra arterial supply

A

inferior thyroid a., pharyngeal branches

82
Q

Pharynx venous drainage to

A

IJV

83
Q

lymph tissue in pharynx

A

palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil - forms ring

84
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing

85
Q

Swallowing

A

press bolus to roof with tongue
tense soft palate, depress around bolus, elevate soft palate against pharynx (palatopharyngeal isthmus is where it seals). Now superior pharyngeal constrictor starts to constrict, tongue to roof fully, moves bolus inferiorly which drops epiglottis over laryngeal inlet (not a valve seal). Constriction of MPconstrictor and IPconstrictor moves bolus to esophagus.

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 (15 decks)

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