7. Attachment

Question 1

Involves changes in interpersonal thought, feeling and behaviour throughout the lifespan.

Answer 1

Social development

Question 2

Refers to the enduring tires children form with the primary caregivers, it includes a desire for proximity to the attachment figure, a sense of security derived from the person’s presence and feelings of distress when the person is absent.

Answer 2

Attachment

Question 3

The tendency of young animals of certain species to follow an animal to which they were exposed during a sensitive period in the early lives.

Answer 3

Imprinting

Question 4

At 6 to 7 months, infants begin to show ____ ____, distress at separation from their attachment figures.

Answer 4

Separation anxiety

Question 5

In response to the mother’s absence and return, Ainsworth found that children respond in one of three what?

Answer 5

Attachment patterns

Question 6

Infants who welcome the mother’s return and seek closeness to her.

Answer 6

Secure attachment style

Question 7

Infants who ignore the mother when she returns.

These children often seem relatively unfazed by their mother’s departure

Answer 7

Avoidant attachment style

Question 8

Infants who are angry and rejecting while simultaneously indicating a clear desire to be close to the mother. These children become very upset by mothers departure.

Answer 8

Ambivalent attachment style

Question 9

Infants develop these, or mental representations of attachment relationships that form the basis of expectations in close relationships.

Answer 9

Internal working models

Question 9

Behave in contradictory ways, indicating helpless efforts to elicit soothing responses from the attachment figure. These infants often approach the mother while simultaneously gazing away, or appear disoriented, as manifested in stereotyped rocking and dazed facial expressions. Often found in the context where parenting itself is unpredictable.

Answer 9

Disorganised attachment style

Question 10

Children rated _____ in infancy tend to be described by the teachers as insecure and detached in preschool and have difficulty discussing feelings about separation at age 6.

Answer 10

Avoidant

Question 11

In contrast, preschoolers who were ____ attached as infants tend to have a higher self-esteem, are more socially competent, show greater sensitivity to the needs of their peers and are more popular.

Answer 11

Securely

Question 12

Security of attachment in infancy ____ a range of behaviours as children grow older, from self-control and peer acceptance to competent behaviour in the classroom.

Answer 12

Predicts

Question 13

Children with ____ style in infancy tend to be rated by the teachers in early primary school as impulsive, disruptive and aggressive, particularly if they are also below average intellectually.

Answer 13

Disorganised

Question 14

Securely attached individuals report more satisfying daily ____ with others and feel that others are more ____ to them than insecurely attached individuals.

Answer 14

Interactions & responsive

Question 15

Children who are secure with their parents have more ____ ____ about what they can expect from relationships.

Answer 15

Positive expectations

Question 16

While attachment style is predictive of later behaviour, ____ in early childhood is also remarkably stable in later life.
The data suggests children may have hereditary dispositions toward a certain ____, but also tend to select an environment that matches.

Answer 16

Temperament

Question 17

Refers to ways of experiencing attachment relationships in adulthood.

Answer 17

Adult attachment

Question 18

Development of attachment is a lifelong process.
A secure attachment style is favourable adult hood, contributing to optimal relational and psychological development in the long term.

Answer 18

Patterns of adult attachment

Question 19

Able to speak freely and openly about their relationships with their parents.

Answer 19

Secure attachment style - Adult

Question 20

Appear preoccupied with and ambivalent about their parents.

Answer 20

Ambivalent attachment style – Adult

Question 21

Dismissed the importance of attachment relationships or offer idealised generalisations about their parents but are unable to back them up with specific examples.

Answer 21

Avoidant attachment style – Adult

Question 22

(similar to disorganised style) Have difficulty speaking coherently about attachment figures from their past and have generally been unable to cope with losses or other traumatic experiences from the past. As a result, their narratives are often confused and confusing. They send conflicting signals to their own children, particularly when their own unmeet attachment needs get activated under stress.

Answer 22

Unresolved attachment style – Adult

Question 23

Attachment patterns in adults ____ a range of phenomena, from whether people want to have children, to how they balance the needs of those children with the needs of work, to how they cope stressful life events, to how upset they get at airports when separating from the romantic partner and how troublesome they find the increasing independence of their adolescent children to be.

Answer 23

Predict

Question 24

Perhaps most importantly, adults ____ patterns in relation to their own parents predict their own children’s attachment styles with remarkable accuracy.

Answer 24

Attachment

Question 25

Mothers who have ____ attachment relationships with their own mothers are less responsive and have more difficulty maintaining physical proximity to their infants and young children.

Answer 25

Insecure

Question 26

Disturbances in childhood attachment relationships predict later ____ in childhood and adolescence.

Answer 26

Difficulties

Question 27

____ attachments are associated with severe personality disturbances, depression, antisocial behaviour and adjustment problems, and difficulty behaving appropriately as a parent.

Answer 27

Disruptive

Question 28

Childhood ____ such as parental neglect or mistreatment or even parental divorce make people more vulnerable to insecure attachment in adulthood.

Answer 28

experiences

Question 29

Some children are remarkably ____ in the face of neglectful or abuse of life experiences. Furthermore, a circumstances change, so patterns of attachment.

Answer 29

Resilient

Question 30

Different cultures have different perceptions of what is and is not desirable temperament for their children, which results in different approaches to child rearing, discipline and socialisation. ____ variations in parental belief systems across cultures could conceivably influence child temperaments.

Answer 30

Cultural