24. Humanistic Therapies Flashcards
Focus on the way each person consciously experiences the self, relationships and the world.
Humanistic therapies
They aim to help people get __ ____ with their feelings, their ‘true selves’ and a sense of meaning in life.
in touch
An approach to treatment that emphasises awareness of feelings.
Gestalt therapy
Gestalt therapy developed in response to the belief that people have become too socialised – that they control their thoughts, behaviours and even their feelings to conform to social ____.
expectations
According to Gestalt therapists, losing touch with one’s emotions and one’s ____ ____ ____ leads to psychological problems such as depression and anxiety.
authentic inner voice
A technique commonly used by Gestalt therapists is the ____ ____: the therapist places in an empty chair near the client and asks her to imagine that the person to whom she would like to express her feelings is in the chair.
EMPTY-CHAIR TECHNIQUE
Based on Carl Rogers view that people experience psychological difficulties when their concept of self is incongruent with their actual experience.
Client centred therapy
Rogers therapy assumes that the basic nature of human beings is to ____ and ____.
grow and mature
Hence, the goal is to provide a ____ ____ in which clients can start again where they left off years ago when they denied their true feelings in order to feel worthy and esteemed by significant others.
supportive environment
The therapist creates a supportive environment by demonstrating ____ ____ ____ for the client – that is, expressing an attitude of fundamental acceptance towards the client, without any requirements or conditions and by listening empathically.
UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD
In ____ ____, multiple people meet together to work towards therapeutic goals. Typically 5 to 10 people meet with the therapist on a regular basis, usually once a week for two hours.
Group Therapies
Members of the group talk about problems in their own lives, but they also gain from the nature of the ____ ____, or the way members of the group interact with each other.
GROUP PROCESS
Group therapy is designed to produce ____ that may not arise from individual therapy.
benefits
Group therapy benefits - (1) For newcomers to a group, the presence of other members who have made demonstrable ____ can still a therapeutic sense of hope.
progress
Group therapy benefits - (2) Discovering that others have problems ____ to their own may also relieve shame, anxiety and guilt.
similar
Group therapy benefits - (3) The group provides ____ for members to repeat, examine and altar the types of relationship they experience with their own families, which they may bring with them to many social situations.
opportunities
A variation on group therapy is that ____ ____, which is not guided by professional and often has many more than the 5 to 10 participants of a therapist guided group.
SELF-HELP GROUP
The aim of ____ ____ is to change maladaptive family interaction patterns.
Family therapies
The focus of family therapy is often on ____ as well as content. In other words, the ____ that unfolds in the therapy hour – a transference reaction to a therapist, a sibling like competitive relationship in a group, or a round of accusations and counteraccusations between a husband and wife – is as important as the content of what the patient says.
process
Family therapy, the therapist takes a relatively ____ ____ and often assigns the family tasks to carry out between sessions.
active role
Approaches to family therapy Some approaches (called \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_) focus on the organisation (1) of the family system and use active interventions (2) to disrupt dysfunctional patterns.
(1) structural and (2) strategic
Therapists who operate from this standpoint attend to ____ between generations, ____ and ____ between family members, the ____ of power in the family and family ____ mechanisms.
boundaries
alliances and schisms
hierarchy
homeostatic
One assessment technique used widely by family therapists to map family dynamics and to try to understand their origins is a ____, a map of the family over three or four generations.
GENOGRAM
A variant of family therapy, called ____ or ____ THERAPY, focuses on a smaller system, the marital unit or couple.
Marital or Couples therapy
Many therapists take a ____ ____ approach to couples work, looking for problematic communication or interaction patterns.
family systems
Marital therapists may also adopt ____ or ____-____ perspectives.
psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioural
The goal of psychodynamic marital therapy is to help members of the couple recognise and altar patterns of interacting that reflect patterns from the ____.
past
Behavioural couples therapy rests on the assumption that people stay in relationships when they receive more ____ than punishment.
reinforcement
Behaviour therapists address the ways spouses often ____ each other’s behaviour in ineffective and punishing ways.
control
Empirically, a strong predictor of marital dissatisfaction and divorce is ____ ____, the tendency of members of a couple to respond to negative comments or actions by the partner with negative behaviours in return.
NEGATIVE RECIPROCITY
