13. Barriers to Health Promotion

Question 1

Individual barriers
Lack of ____ is rarely an explanation for people engaging in health compromising behaviours and failing to engage in preventative health behaviours or health promoting behaviours. Most people do, in fact, know that negative health behaviours are detrimental to their health.

Answer 1

knowledge

Question 1

One reason is that negative behaviours are ____, particularly in the short-term.

Answer 1

rewarding

Question 2

Health promotion behaviours, such as exercise and eating a healthy diet, however, are generally less enjoyable and take considerably more ____.

Answer 2

discipline

Question 3

In addition, the negative effects of health compromising behaviours do not occur ____ and are almost always preceded by the positive consequences.

Answer 3

immediately

Question 4

Family barriers
____ ____ are acquired early, and one of the primary models of health behaviour is parents or caregivers. Children frequently model the health behaviours they see their parents or siblings perform.

Answer 4

Health habits

Question 5

Because they see the parents experience the immediate rewards from ____ ____ ____, they assume that they will as well. Positive health habits, such as regular brushing and flossing, are unlikely to be implemented as adults if the behaviour was not practised regularly as a child.

Answer 5

negative health habits

Question 6

Health system barriers
Doctors are trained to ____ __ ____, not health. Thus even when they do ask patients about circumstances leading up to the illness, the primary focus is on treating the illness itself, not the negative health habits that might have contributed to the development of illness.

Answer 6

focus on illness

Question 7

The situation is ____ by the fact that people often do not go to the doctor when they are well.

Answer 7

compounded

Question 8

One factor inhibiting people from taking preventative health measures is the lack of ____ ____.

Answer 8

health insurance

Question 9

The ways in which doctors ____ ___ ____ to their patients is a major factor influencing the degree to which those patients will hear what the doctor is saying and then comply with the advice that is offered.

Answer 9

treat and respond

Question 10

____ ____ for doctors may also be too high. Patients often expect their doctors to provide them with an immediate solution to whatever ails them.

Answer 10

Patient expectations

Question 11

Community, control and ethnic barriers.
People’s willingness to engage in preventive health behaviours, to avoid negative health habits and to terminate those negative health habits once they begin is, to a great extent, influenced by the norms of the _____________.

Answer 11

community in which they live, work and play

Question 13

People who live and work in ____ that encourage the use of alcohol as a means of fitting in will likely initiate or continue alcohol use.

Answer 13

environments