12. Health Compromising Behaviours

Question 1

In spite of knowledge of the negative health consequences that may befall them, people continue to engage in a number of ____ ____ ____, including obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, and high risk of sexual behaviours.

Answer 1

Health compromising behaviours

Question 2

____ refers to an excessive accumulation of body fat, in excess of 30% in women and 20% in men.

Answer 2

Obesity

Question 2

People are identified as being ____ if they have a body mass index (BMI) between 25% and 30%, depending on their gender and age.

Answer 2

overweight

Question 3

The weight in kilograms divided by the height in metres squared: kg/m2

Answer 3

Body mass index (BMI)

Question 4

For adults, the varied physical problems associated with obesity include ____ difficulties, ____ disease, high ____ ____, type 2 ____, sleep ____ and certain types of ____.

Answer 4

musculoskeletal
cardiovascular
blood pressure
diabetes
apnoea
cancer

Question 5

Can include low self-esteem, body shape dissatisfaction, discrimination, isolation and depression.

Answer 5

Psychological consequences of obesity

Question 6

Genetic influences are estimated to account for up to 40% of the aetiology of obesity.
Two physiological factors have received attention for many years, both of which show substantial heritability.

Answer 6

Genetics of obesity

Question 7

(1). The number and size of ____ ____ in the body. People with higher levels of leptin and generally have higher BMIs. Leptin is produced by fat tissue and operates on the hypothalamus to regulate body weight.

Answer 7

fat cells

Question 8

An ideal body weight for each individual

Answer 8

Set point

Question 9

(2). Susceptible gene hypothesis – suggest that certain ____ increase the likelihood of, but do not guarantee, the development of a particular trait or characteristics (e.g. obesity).

Answer 9

genes

Question 10

Low socio-economic status.
Unemployment and overcrowded housing.
High calorie food which is readily available and cheap.
Increase in sedentary jobs with decreased energy expenditure.
Stigma attached to obesity prohibiting exercise.
The amount we eat.
The amount of television we watch.
Low self-esteem.
Anxiety.
Lack of motivation to exercise or diet.

Answer 10

Contributors to obesity

Question 11

____ has been and still is the most common step in treating obesity.

Answer 11

Dieting

Question 12

____ ____ drugs maybe used to help obese individuals limit their caloric consumption.

Answer 12

Appetite suppressing

Question 13

Two primary problems surround the use of the ____. (1) Health complications resulting from the ____. (2) If a person attributes the success to the ____, confidence and self-efficacy about ability to maintain weight loss are compromised.

Answer 13

drugs

Question 15

Stomach stapling involves stapling the stomach so that only a small portion of it reminds available for processing food.

Answer 15

Gastroplasty

Question 16

Instead of allowing food to move through the remainder of the stomach to the small intestine, a portion of the small intestine is attached directly to the pouch created from the stapling of the stomach.

Answer 16

Gastric bypass