6.9 Enzymes and digestion Flashcards
Order of organs used by humans to digest
Tongue
Salivary glands
Oesophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
What sections is the small intestine separated in?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Physical digestion
breaks down large pieces into smaller ones
By teeth
By stomach churn
Chemical digestion
Enzymes hydrolyse large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules
Order of organs that digest carbohydrates:
E.g/ starch
- mouth
- stomach
- pancreas
- ileum
How does the mouth digest starch?
Amylase secreted by salivary glands
Hydrolyse starch into maltose
What does salivary glands secrete?
Amylase
Mineral salts
What do mineral salts do in the mouth?
Maintains the pH in the mouth at 7
What does the stomach do in the digestion of starch?
The HCl in the stomach denatured the amylase
What does the pancreas do in the digestion of starch?
Secretes pancreatic juice
- amylase
- alkaline salts
What do the alkaline salts do in the duodenum?
Maintain the pH at 7
What does the ileum do in the digestion of starch?
Produces maltase
- breaks down maltose into alpha glucose
- maltase are membrane bound
how are lipids digested?
hydrolysed by lipase into monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids
what is emulsification?
the lipid is hydrolysed by bile salts into micelle
why does emulsification do? (advantages)
increases SA for enzyme action
