1.3 + 1.4 Carbohydrates

Question 1

How is the structure of glycogen is related to its function?

Answer 1

• Helix/coiled/branched so compact
• Polymer of glucose so easily hydrolysed
• Branches so more ends for faster hydrolysis
• Glucose so provides respiratory substrate for energy
• Insoluble doesn’t affect water potential

Question 2

monomers for starch

Answer 2

amylose and amylopectin

Question 3

monomers for cellulose

Answer 3

beta glucose

Question 4

monomers for glycogen

Answer 4

alpha glucose

Question 5

bonds between monomers in starch

Answer 5

1,4- and 1,6- glycosidic bonds

Question 6

bonds between monomers in cellulose

Answer 6

1,4- glycosidic bonds

Question 7

bonds between monomers in glycogen

Answer 7

1,4- and 1,6- glycosidic bonds

Question 8

function of starch

Answer 8

an insoluble store of glucose

Question 9

function of cellulose

Answer 9

provides structural strength to cell wall

Question 10

function of glycogen

Answer 10

insoluble store of glucose

Question 11

location of starch

Answer 11

starch grains inside plant cells

Question 12

location of cellulose

Answer 12

cell wall of plant cells

Question 13

location of glycogen

Answer 13

muscle and liver cells

Question 14

structure of starch

Answer 14

• made of 2 polymers
• amylose- unbranched helix
• amylopectin- branched molecule

Question 15

structure of celullose

Answer 15

long-straight chains held parallel by many hydrogen bonds to fibrils

Question 16

structure of glycogen

Answer 16

highly branched molecule

Question 17

how does the structure of cellulose lead to the function?

Answer 17

• many hydrogen bonds provide strength
• insoluble- won’t change the water potential

Question 18

how does the structure of starch lead to the function?

Answer 18

• compact- fits a lot of glucose
• large - can’t cross cell membrane
• branched structure- increases surface area for hydrolysis back to glucose
• insoluble - doesn’t affect water potential

Question 19

differences in the structure of cellulose and glycogen

Answer 19

• cellulose is made up of beta glucose and glycogen is made up of alpha glucose
• cellulose has straight chains, glycogen is branched
• glycogen has 1,4 - and 1,6- glycosidic bonds but cellulose only has 1,4-

Question 20

features of starch that make it a good storage molecule

Answer 20

• insoluble - doesn’t affect the water potential
• branched/coiled/alpha helix so compact or can fit many molecules in a small area
• polymer of alpha glucose for respiration
• branched/ more ends for faster enzyme action
• large, so can’t cross the cell membrane

Question 21

monomer for carbohydrates:
+ example

Answer 21

monosaccharides
e.g. glucose

Question 22

reaction that joins two monomers together:

Answer 22

condensation reaction

Question 23

reaction that separates polymers:

Answer 23

hydrolysis reaction

Question 24

two monosaccharides together:

Answer 24

disaccharide

Question 25

many monosaccharides:

Answer 25

polysaccharides

Question 26

glucose’s isomers

Answer 26

beta glucose
alpha glucose

Question 27

what type of sugar is glucose?

Answer 27

hexose sugar
6 carbon atoms

Question 28

general formula for sugars

Answer 28

CnH2nOn

Question 29

monosaccharides:

Answer 29

monomers of carbohydrates
reducing sugars

Question 30

3 monosaccharides
+ properties

Answer 30

glucose
fructose
galactose

sweet tasting
soluble