1.3 + 1.4 Carbohydrates Flashcards
How is the structure of glycogen is related to its function?
- Helix/coiled/branched so compact
- Polymer of glucose so easily hydrolysed
- Branches so more ends for faster hydrolysis
- Glucose so provides respiratory substrate for energy
- Insoluble doesn’t affect water potential
monomers for starch
amylose and amylopectin
monomers for cellulose
beta glucose
monomers for glycogen
alpha glucose
bonds between monomers in starch
1,4- and 1,6- glycosidic bonds
bonds between monomers in cellulose
1,4- glycosidic bonds
bonds between monomers in glycogen
1,4- and 1,6- glycosidic bonds
function of starch
an insoluble store of glucose
function of cellulose
provides structural strength to cell wall
function of glycogen
insoluble store of glucose
location of starch
starch grains inside plant cells
location of cellulose
cell wall of plant cells
location of glycogen
muscle and liver cells
structure of starch
- made of 2 polymers
- amylose- unbranched helix
- amylopectin- branched molecule
structure of celullose
long-straight chains held parallel by many hydrogen bonds to fibrils
structure of glycogen
highly branched molecule
how does the structure of cellulose lead to the function?
- many hydrogen bonds provide strength
- insoluble- won’t change the water potential
how does the structure of starch lead to the function?
- compact- fits a lot of glucose
- large - can’t cross cell membrane
- branched structure- increases surface area for hydrolysis back to glucose
- insoluble - doesn’t affect water potential
differences in the structure of cellulose and glycogen
- cellulose is made up of beta glucose and glycogen is made up of alpha glucose
- cellulose has straight chains, glycogen is branched
- glycogen has 1,4 - and 1,6- glycosidic bonds but cellulose only has 1,4-
features of starch that make it a good storage molecule
- insoluble - doesn’t affect the water potential
- branched/coiled/alpha helix so compact or can fit many molecules in a small area
- polymer of alpha glucose for respiration
- branched/ more ends for faster enzyme action
- large, so can’t cross the cell membrane
monomer for carbohydrates:
+ example
monosaccharides
e.g. glucose
reaction that joins two monomers together:
condensation reaction
reaction that separates polymers:
hydrolysis reaction
two monosaccharides together:
disaccharide
many monosaccharides:
polysaccharides
glucose’s isomers
beta glucose
alpha glucose
what type of sugar is glucose?
hexose sugar
6 carbon atoms
general formula for sugars
CnH2nOn
monosaccharides:
monomers of carbohydrates
reducing sugars
3 monosaccharides
+ properties
glucose
fructose
galactose
sweet tasting
soluble
