6.3 & 6.3.1

Question 1

Operant conditioning

Answer 1

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 2

Operant behavior

Answer 2

Behavior that operates on the environment producing consequences

Question 3

Law of effect

Answer 3

Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Question 4

Operant chamber

Answer 4

In operant conditioning Research A chamber (also known as a skinner box) containing a bar see that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animals rates of bar pressing or key pressing

Question 5

Shaping

Answer 5

And operant conditioning a procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior

Question 6

Discriminative stimulus

Answer 6

In operant conditioning A stimulus that elicts A response after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli bit associated with reinforcement)

Question 7

Reinforcer

Answer 7

In operant conditioning any the event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Question 8

Positive reinforcement

Answer 8

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that when presented after a response strengthens the response

Question 9

Negative reinforcement

Answer 9

Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that when removed after a response strengthens the response (note: negative reinforcement is not a punishment)

Question 10

Primary reinforcer

Answer 10

An innately reinforcing stimulus such as one that satisfies a biological need

Question 11

Conditioned reinforcer

Answer 11

A stimulus that games it’s reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as secondary reinforcer

Question 12

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 12

Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

Question 13

Partial (intermittent) reinforcement

Answer 13

Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results and slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement

Question 14

Fixed-ratio schedule

Answer 14

In operant conditioning A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Question 15

Variable-ratio schedule

Answer 15

In operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

Question 16

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 16

In operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

Question 17

Variable-Interval schedule

Answer 17

In operant conditioning a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Question 18

Punishment

Answer 18

And event that decreases the behavior that it follows

Question 19

Punishment tell you what _____ to do; reinforcement tell you ___ do

Answer 19

Not; what to

Question 20

Respondent behavior

Answer 20

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus