4.5 Flashcards
Figure-ground
The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
Grouping
The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
Proximity
We group nearby figures together
Similarity
We group similar figures together
Continuity
We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones
Connectedness
We group things that are uniform and linked
Closure
We fill in gaps to create a complete whole objects
Depth perception
The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us judge distance
Visual cliff
A laboratory device for testing depth perception on infants and young animals
Each species by time it is mobile can….
Perceive depth
Binocular cues
Depth cues such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of eyes
Retinal disparity
A binocular cue for per curving depth by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object
Monocular cues
Depth cues, such as interdisposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
Larger objects seem to move more…..
Slowly
Stroboscopic movement
The perceived continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying movement
Phi phenomenon
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink in and off in quick succession
Our brain constructs our….
Perceptions
Perceptual constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change
Distance could make is perceive…
Size differently
Lightness constancy
We perceive an object as having a constant lightness even while its illumination varies
Relative luminance
The amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings
Color constancy
Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
Gestalt
An organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized out tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes