1.1.1 and 1.1.2 Flashcards
Confucius
Stressed the power of ideas and of an educated mind
Hebrew scholars
Anticipated today’s psychology by linking mind and emotion to the body
Socrates and Pluto
Concludes that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies; knowledge is born within us
Aristotle
Concluded that knowledge is not preexisting instead it grows from the experiences stores in our memories
René Descortes
Memories formed as experiences opened pored in the brain into which the animal spirits also flowed
Francis Bacon
Our mind hungers to perforce patterns even in random events
John Locke
The mind at both is a black slate in which experience writes
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore rely on observation and experimentation
Wilhelm Wundt
Experimented with people pressing and button when hearing a ball hit a platform
Early schools of psychology
Structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind (Edward Bradford Titchener)
William James
Assumes that thinking, like smelling, developed because it helped with out ancestor’s survival
Consciousness
Enables us to consider it past, adjust to our present circumstances, and plan our future
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how out mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish
Mary Calkins
Earned a Ph.D in psychology at Harvard but was denied the degree; became the 1st female president of the America Psychological Association
Margaret Floy Washburn
Became the 2nd female APA president
Experimental psychologists
Explore behavior and thinking with experiments
Wundt and Titchener
Focused on inner sensations, images, and feelings
James
Engaged in introspective examination of the streak of consciousness and of emotion
Freud
Emphasized the ways emotional responses to childhood experiences and our unconscious thought processes affect out behavior
Behaviorism
The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes
Humanistic psychology
Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth (Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow)
Cognitive revolution
Supported ideas developed by earlier psychologist such as the importance of how our mind processes and retains information
Cognitive neuroscience
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language
