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30-second Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Watson’s Behaviorism

A

We should talk about behavior not mental states

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2
Q

Wilhelm Wundt’s Introspection

A

Looking into our own minds and reporting what we discover

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3
Q

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis

A

Means of understanding behavior

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4
Q

The 3 components of personality

A

The Id, the Ego, the Superego

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5
Q

The Id

A

Governed by pleasure and seeks immediate gratification

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6
Q

The Ego

A

Concerned with making rational decisions

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7
Q

The Superego

A

Giving rise to personality conflicts

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8
Q

Cognitivism

A

The attempt to understand the mind in terms of the information it processes and the forms in which is stores this information

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9
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

To find common principles in the behavior of human and animals

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10
Q

Positive psychology

A

Focus more on people’s strengths and virtues

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11
Q

Schemos

A

Basics building blocks on intelligent behavior

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12
Q

Sensori-motor stage

A

(0-2 y/o) the child thinks by perceiving objects and acting upon them

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13
Q

Pre-operational stage

A

(2-7 y/o) development and use of mental images, symbols, and language; self-centered

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14
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

(7-11 y/o) less self-centers and can think logically but needs to manipulate objects

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15
Q

Formal operational

A

(11-15 y/o) ability to manipulate ideas and think hypothetically about situations not yet experienced

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16
Q

Eldest child

A

Socially dominant and intellectual, tends to seek approval from others because they are no longer the center of attention

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17
Q

Middle child

A

Competitive and diplomatic

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18
Q

Youngest child

A

Selfish and demanding

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19
Q

Kohlberg’s moral stages (KMS) stage 1

A

Sense of what is right or wrong is determined by what is punishable and what is not

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20
Q

KMS stage 2

A

What others want and what brings reward

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21
Q

KMS stage 3

A

Good behavior is whatever pleases and helps others

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22
Q

KMS stage 4

A

Showing respect for authority

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23
Q

KMS stage 5

A

Kids understand that rules should be followed but can be changed by the rights of the individual

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24
Q

KMS stage 6

A

Actions are determined by self-chosen ethical principles-justice, equality, and respect for human dignity- established through reflection

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25
Facial action coding system (FACS)
Index of facial expressions
26
Cognitive dissonance
Whenever a pair of incompatible beliefs or decisions collide in our mind it provokes a kind of mental discomfort
27
Somatic marker hypothesis
People have trouble making decisions when parts of their brain are damaged
28
The prefrontal cortex
Stores knowledge about emotions. People who damage it lose some of their emotions
29
Confirmation bias
The tendency to seek out evidence that supports our existing beliefs
30
Ego-depleted
When we're willpower fatigued
31
Restraint bias
The tendency for people to be unduly optimistic about their ability to control their behavior when aroused
32
Expected utility
A way of working out people's betting preferences taking into account all factors including the risk aversions and personal preference
33
The bystander effect
The presence of other people reduces out own sense of responsibility in a situation
34
Watson's behaviorism
Using experiments with controlled stimuli and the responses of those inputs
35
Vygotsky's zone
Children learn better with instructors; helps children strive toward independence and self-sufficiency
36
Birth order
Rank and age affect a child's personality
37
Harlow's monkeys
A child feels more secure with a comforting parent rather than one who only provides them with food
38
Ekman's universal emotions
Human expressions are universal
39
Festinger's boring task
Sometimes people say one thing but mean another
40
The James-Lange theory of emotion
Our actions emit our emotion: a stimulus causes an action
41
Baumeister's ego depletion
Straining to control yourself in one situation can easily make you swayed later on
42
Irving Janis's groupthink
Extreme form of group polarization; like-minded group, group leader, isolation; leads to extreme actions
43
Gordon Allport's intergroup contact
By coming into contact with others we discover that they're human too
44
Zombardo's prison
When people are given a position of power they tend to abuse it
45
Stanley Milgram's obedience study
We are more likely to do harmful things of directed by a person of authority
46
Stereotype threat
The anxiety of a stereotype causes the undermining of one's performance
47
Social identity theory
People will show allegiance to groups who share things in common with them
48
The lake wobegon effect
Majority of people think they are better than others
49
The big five (personality)
Extraversion, neuroticism (anxiety and apprehension), conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness (creativity and insight)
50
Attribution
The psychological process of discerning the cause of things
51
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to attribute the causes of other people's behavior to the intrinsic natures, ignoring constraining circumstances
52
Cognitive bias
The tendency for people to make false judgements
53
Nature via nurture
Humans are shaped both by their genetic inheritance and their life's experiences often in an interactive fashion
54
The Flynn effect
Humans are clever; IQ tests today are higher than ones back then
55
Ericsson's 10,000-hour rule
Anyone can be an expert if they put in enough effort to practice
56
Nominative determinism
The idea that the destiny of these individuals is shaped by their names
57
Roger sperry's split brains
The left side controls things like language while the right side has to do more with visual abilities
58
Prepared learning system
We have developed a fear system that is prepared for certain situations due to the effect of evolution
59
Charcot's hysteria
Blindness and paralysis can be caused by the unconscious mind blocking access to essential brain functions
60
Rosenhan's insane places
There is no definition for sane and insane
61
Psychosis
A mind-bending state in which people develop delusions and hallucinations as part of mental illnesses; people show changes in the brain's use of the chemical messenger dopamine
62
Abraham Maslow self-actualized
Where we are at peace with ourselves and others and have the psychological freedom to become everything that one is capable of becoming
63
Aaron beck's cognitive therapy
Based in scientific studies; detects patters and use alternatives when dealing with self defeating habits
64
Autism
People with autism can be severely impaired at understanding how there's think, feel, and behave but can be better at understanding systems
65
The placebo effect
Knowing the expectations of a treatment will affect how your body and brain processes it
66
Classical or Pavlovian conditioning
Learning an association between two stimuli
67
The Sapir-whorf hypothesis
we can't understand some concepts because we lack the words
68
Noam chomsky's universal grammar
Understood by all humans and enables us to acquire language
69
3 components of grammar
Syntactical (structure), phonological (sound of words), and semantic (meaning)
70
Loftus's false memories
Some memories can get distorted without our realization
71
Embodied cognition
We describe things in metaphors (grasping the meaning of a book)
72
Broadbentms bottleneck
We separate out individual voices by focusing on key characteristics- the speakers gender, location, and pitch
73
Miller's seven
We memorize things better by breaking it into chunks
74
Consciousness
The way the brain prioritizes

Psychology (44 decks)

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