6.2 Kinetic and Potential Energy

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

a property of objects that can be transferred from one object to another, and that cannot be created or destroyed. the capacity to do work

Question 2

what are the two forms of energy?

Answer 2

kinetic and potential

Question 3

kinetic energy

Answer 3

the energy of motion (ex. light-movement of photons, thermal energy-movement of molecules)

Question 4

potential energy

Answer 4

stored energy that is released by a change in an object’s structure or position (ex. concentration/electrical gradients)

Question 5

chemical energy

Answer 5

a form of potential energy held in the chemical bonds between pairs of atoms in a molecule

Question 6

covalent bonds form when:

Answer 6

the sharing of electrons between two atoms results in a more stable configuration than if the orbitals of the two atoms did not overlap

Question 7

the more stable configuration will always be the one with lower…

Answer 7

potential energy

Question 8

when a covalent bond is broken, energy is….

Answer 8

required as input

Question 9

when a covalent bond is formed, energy is….

Answer 9

released

Question 10

strong chemical bonds do not contain much chemical energy because:

Answer 10

it is hard to break because the arrangement of orbitals in these molecules is much more stable than the two atoms would be on their own (think ball at bottom of flight of stairs) -does not require lots of energy to remain intact

Question 11

weak covalent bonds have lots of chemical energy because:

Answer 11

the bonds are easily broken because the arrangement of orbitals in these molecules is only somewhat more stable than if the two atoms did not share any electrons -weak bonds require lots of energy to stay intact

Question 12

lots of organic molecules have relatively weak covalent bonds so are rich sources of….

Answer 12

chemical energy and are called fuel molecules