40.2 Animal Nutrition and Diet Flashcards
energy balance
a form of homeostasis in which the amount of energy calories from food taken in equals the amount of calories used over time to meet metabolic needs
energy intake
sources of energy
energy use
the ways in which energy is expended
how much of energy is used for basic life processes?
about 70%
when energy intake does not equal energy used, there is an:
energy imbalance
if an animal eats more food than it requires…
energy stores such as fat deposits grow over time, the body shifts mostly to anabolic processes that build energy stores
animals that cannot acquire enough food are in:
negative energy balance and become undernourished
during prolonged period of an inadequate food supply, an animal consumes:
its own internal fuel reserves-deplete glycogen, fat, and then protein stores
many nutrients necessary for life cannot:
be synthesized by an animal’s metabolism and therefore must be acquired in the food that they eat
essential amino acid
an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by cellular biochemical pathways and instead must be ingested
humans are unable to synthesize:
8 out of the 20 amino acids
dietary minerals
a chemical element other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen that is required in the diet and must be obtained in food ; synonym for minerals
vitamins
an organic molecule that is required in very small amounts in the diet
