6.1 & 6.2 Cells

Question 1

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes and benefits of both

Answer 1

Prokaryotes: no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, efficient with resources and energy, reproduces fast
Eukaryote: has nucleus and membrane bound organelles, performs specialized roles and extremely organized

Question 2

Components of the cell membrane and the role of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates in the cell membrane

Answer 2

Lipids: forms phospholipid bilayer that gives structure and protects the cell
Proteins: lets molecules in/out, receives messages, performs chemical reactions, adhesion between cells, and attaches membrane to cytoskeleton
Carbohydrates: glycolipids and glycoproteins, recognizes different cells which allows cells to connect or fight against foreign cells

Question 3

Plant vs. Animal vs. Bacteria structure

Answer 3

Plants and animals: nucleus, mitochondria, membrane bound organelles
Plants and bacteria: cell wall
Plants: chloroplasts
Bacteria: 1-2 cell membranes
All: cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membrane, DNA

Question 4

How do the different cells get rid of waste,
serve as a container, contain a set of instructions, read the instructions, and
get and use energy?

Answer 4

Get rid of waste: molecules pass through cell membrane to exit and waste is broken down by enzymes but the location of the digestive enzymes are different
Serve as a container: all have a cell membrane but plants and bacteria have a cell wall, bacteria can have multiple cell membranes, animal and plant organelles are membrane bound
Contain a set of instructions: all have DNA and genes, eukaryotes have nucleus that stores DNA and prokaryotes have free floating DNA
Read the instructions: Genes to ribosomes to proteins and eventually to cytoskeleton or other location, bacteria does not have an ER, golgi, or vesicles
Get and use energy: all use ATP and break molecules down for energy, but animals don’t get energy from the sun, bacteria doesn’t have mitochondria, and plants have chloroplasts