3.1 Organic Molecules

Question 1

structure of each functional group and whether it is polar, + charged, - charged, or nonpolar

Answer 1

Hydroxyl: -O-H, polar
Carbonyl: O=C-H, -C=O, both are polar
Carboxyl: O=C-O-H, negative charge
Amino: R-N-H-H+, positive charge
Sulfhydryl: -S-H, slightly polar
Phosphate: O=P-O-O-O, P in middle negative charge
Methyl: H-C-H-H, C in middle nonpolar

Question 2

isomer

Answer 2

molecules with the same molecular formulas but different shapes

Question 3

monomer

Answer 3

basic structural unit

Question 4

polymer

Answer 4

made of repeating monomers

Question 5

dehydration synthesis reaction

Answer 5

The hydroxyl bond from one monomer takes combines with a hydrogen from a different monomer. Water is produced as a byproduct and the two monomers are left sharing an oxygen atom

Question 6

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 6

H20 combines with two monomers which breaks the bond the two monomers share

Question 7

why is carbon a versatile building block for organic molecules

Answer 7

Carbon is versatile because it has 4 valence electrons so it can form 4 other bonds. This allows other atoms or groups to substitute themselves which creates different products.

Question 8

how can functional groups determine the function of organic molecules

Answer 8

Depending on if the functional group is polar, nonpolar, positive, or negative, it allows for unique bonds to form which can determine the function of the organic molecule

Question 9

Describe the relationship between monomers and polymers

Answer 9

Monomers link together like a chain to create a polymer.