5.4 mRNA Translation

Question 1

What is a codon?

Answer 1

a set of three nucleotides

Question 2

What is an anticodon?

Answer 2

a set of three nucleotides that bind with the codon

Question 3

What is the role of rRNA?

Answer 3

facilitates matching of mRNA and tRNA, joins amino acids to synthesize proteins

Question 4

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 4

transfers amino acids, contains anticodons that pair with mRNA codons

Question 5

What is the role of mRNA?

Answer 5

contains the message/code for amino acid sequence

Question 6

What is tRNA sythase?

Answer 6

puts enzymes together

Question 7

What is translation?

Answer 7

it translates the sequence of mRNA

Question 8

What is a mutation?

Answer 8

a change in the base sequence in a molecule of DNA

Question 9

What is a point mutation?

Answer 9

substitution of single base

Question 10

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 10

no amino acid change, redundancy in code

Question 11

What is a missense?

Answer 11

changes in amino acid

Question 12

What is a nonsense?

Answer 12

changes to stop codon

Question 13

What is a frameshift?

Answer 13

insert/delete bases, shifts how you read codons

Question 14

How are mutations good and bad?

Answer 14

good: resistance to bacteria
bad: cancer