5.1.4 Animal Responses

Question 1

function of neurons

Answer 1

receive and integrate the info arriving via synapse

Question 2

what does the brain contain

Answer 2

a mass of intermediate neurones

Question 3

what does the central nervous system consist of

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

peripheral nervous system

Answer 4

consists of all neurones that connect the CNS to the rest of the body
sensory and motor neurones

Question 5

what do sensory neurones do

Answer 5

carry nerve impulses from receptors to CNS

Question 6

what do motor neurones do

Answer 6

carry nerve impulses from CNS to effectors

Question 7

spinal cord

Answer 7

runs from base of brain through neural canal as far as 1st lumbar vertebrae

Question 8

central canal

Answer 8

contains cerebospinal fluid which nourishes and maintains electrolyte balance in CNS

Question 9

meninges

Answer 9

3 membranes which surround brain and spinal cord
help secrete cerebrospinal fluid

Question 10

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 10

fills all spaces inside brain and spinal cord and space between skull bones
helps absorb mechanical shocks to brain
provides nutrients and O2 to brain cells

Question 11

what are nerves

Answer 11

axon and dendrons arranged in bundles on Peripheral nervous system

Question 12

how do axons and dendrons enter and leave spinal cord

Answer 12

in spinal nerves

Question 13

chronical nerves

Answer 13

nerves arising from brain

Question 14

what are neurones

Answer 14

elongated branched cells specialized for conduction of impulses

Question 15

what are glial cells

Answer 15

cells that support the neurons in a number of ways
- form insulating sheath
-provide nutrients to neurones
-control composition of fluid surrounding neurones

Question 16

what does autonomic nervous system do

Answer 16

controls - activity of all smooth muscle
- rate of beating of cardiac muscles
- activity of exocrine glands
- most activities not under voluntary control

Question 17

2 systems that make up autonomic nervous system and how do the work

Answer 17

sympathetic
parasympathetic
work antagonistically - against each other

Question 18

sympathetic system

Answer 18

most active at times of stress and increase rates eg HR
fight or flight

Question 19

parasympathetic

Answer 19

most active in sleep and relaxation

Question 20

what is noradrenaline

Answer 20

secreted by postganglinomic neurone at synapse between neurone and effector

Question 21

what is neurotransmitter for sympathetic motor system

Answer 21

noradrenaline

Question 22

which nervous systems control heart rate

Answer 22

parasympathetic and symathetic

Question 23

what is neurotransmitter for parasympathetic motor system

Answer 23

acetylcholine

Question 24

what are the 2 parts of the medulla oblongata

Answer 24

cardiac nerve that icreases HR via sympathetic pathway
Vagus nerve that decreases HR by parasympathetic pathway

Question 25

what do chemioreceptors detect

Answer 25

change in pH

Question 26

where are the chemioreceptors located

Answer 26

aorta and carotoid arteries in the neck that take blood towards the brain

Question 27

where and what info do the chemioreceptors send

Answer 27

send to the cardiac control centre about concentration of CO2, O2 and lactic acid

Question 28

Baroreceptors

Answer 28

stretch receptors that detect increase in blood flow and blood pressure

Question 29

what happens when stretch receptors are stimulated

Answer 29

increases HR

Question 30

where are baroreceptors located

Answer 30

in walls of aorta vena cava and cardiac arteries