5- Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Biomedical vs Biopsychosocial
ex) headache biomed- take aspirin- treat the symptoms biopsychosocial- not just biological components, also psych and social components so just treating the symptoms may not be enough ex) job stress holistic, humanistic psychology direct and indirect therapy
DSM5
Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders
Giant listing by symptom of disorders- descriptions
20 classes
What % of people have some mental disorder?
25%
What % of people have a specific phobia?
10%
What % people have depression, alcohol, and social anxiety?
5%
Everything else 1-2%
Schizophrenia
- delusions (beliefs)
- hallucinations (sense)
- disorganized thought and behavior and speech
- catatonia (still or move fast)
Pos vs Neg
Pos symptoms - add weird behavior
Neg symptom - lose a normal behavior
Both in schizo
Positive Schizo symptoms
Delusions of reference- other things are referring to you
Delusion of persecution- conspiracy against them
Delusion of grandeur- think you’re sooo important ex) Messiah
Delusions of thought broadcasting- they can send their thoughts to others
Thought insertion- others can put their thoughts into their brain
Hallucinations (esp auditory)- some visual, touch
Disorganized thought and loosening of association- word salad- sentence jumps topic to topic
neologisms- make up new words
disorganized behavior- no hygiene, can’t pay bills- inability to physically do it
Catatonia- stay still for a long time
Echolalia- repeating others’ words
Echopraxia- repeat others’ actions
Neg Schizo symptoms
-usually emotional
-avolition = lack of purposeful action- ex) hard to keep a job, affective=attitude/emotion
-blunting - less severe than flat affect
blunting is a decrease in a range of emotion; flat affect is no emotion at all
-inappropriate affect- display emotion that is inappropriate for that situation- ex) laughing at a funeral
-disturbance of affect- emotional symptoms
–flat affect- no emotions; inappropriate affect = laughing at funeral; blunting
Schizo phases: Prodromal phase
-prodromal phase- of Schizo
analogous to what occurs before you actually get sick- exhibit symptoms but not yet psychotic
-can last 2-3 years
-social withdrawal
Social withdrawal- from people and roles
then active phase, residual/recovery phase
Depression
-dysthymia = milder depression (also called persistent depressive disorder)- 2+ yrs
vs major depressive disorder- 2 wk, 5 on list- major episode + anhedonia/depression
- anhedonia = inability to feel pleasure/stop doing pleasurable things
- losing or gaining 5% body weight in a month
SIG E CAPS– Sadness + 4 of the following
Sleep, interest, guilt
energy
concentrate, appetite, psychmotor, suicide
Seasonal affective disorder- less exposure to sunlight = less VitD and less melatonin = less serotonin and sleep
treat w/ light
Biopolar disorder
2 weeks depression, 2 weeks mania
Manic- a lot of energy, create things, high-risk behavior- shop/gamble
DIG FAST
-distractable, insomnia, grandiosity
flight of ideas, agitation, speech that is pressured, thoughtlessness/risks
Bipolar 1- definite manic episode, may or may not have depression
Bipolar 2- hypomania + depression
cyclothymia = milder bipolar disorder (hypomania + dysthymia)
Monoamine/Catecholamine theory of depression - depression from monoamine imbalance
-NorEpi, Dopamine, Serotonin
too much = mania; too less = depress
SSRI’s
Lithium for manic- downregulate NMDA (glu receptor)
Anxiety
- General Anxiety Disorder- 6 months
- Specific Phobias- agoraphobia (open spaces), claustrophobia, acrophobia
- treatment: incremental exposure- cognitive behavioral therapy
- Social anxiety disorder
- selective mutism = can’t speak when expected to
- Agoraphobia- fear of open spaces but more specifically, the fear of having a panic attack in public and not being able to get to safety
- Panic disorder- physical and psychological- like a heart attack and nervous breakdown- increased HR, hard t breathe, derealization- the world isn’t real
OCD
Obsessions- persistent thoughts
Compulsion- repetitive actions (ex- handwashing, checking lock 8 times)
Body dysmorphic disorder- disgust for how you look
- many surgeries, esp men (muscle dysmorphia)
- preoccupation/worry
Dissociative disorder
- dissociative amnesia
- –comes w/ dissociative fugue (forget identity/who you are = move purposelessly- wander out of house and away)- may have new identity
- –linked to psych trauma (ex- sexual abuse)
- dissociative identity disorder
- –used to be called multiple personality disorder
- depersonalization disorder
- –feel detached from own mind/body
- derealization disorder
- –feel detached from world/surroundings
