1 - Development

Question 1

Neurulation

Answer 1

Formation of neural tube from ectoderm
(neural groove, neural folds)
(neural tube + crest)

Alar plate becomes sensory neurons
Basal plate becomes motor neurons

*critical periods

Question 2

Placenta transmission

Answer 2

• Placenta screens out teratogens (harmful substances like virus/bacteria, drugs, env)
• Fetal alcohol syndrome - facial/mental issues
• Folic acid - baby spine
• Thalidomide = bad
• Spina bifida/anencephaly - neural tube doesn’t form all the way
• Inherit addictions

Question 3

Rooting reflex

Answer 3

Touch infant cheek - turn head towards that touch

• Helps in feeding
• Primitive reflex

Question 4

Moro reflex

Answer 4

• Baby reach out
• Then, pull in its arms and cry
• Prevent falling when we climbed trees- baby reach out, grab mother, cry

Question 5

Babinski reflex

Answer 5

• Evolutionary - idk
• Touch bottom of baby’s foot, big toe one way, other 4 toes other way- spread toes
• Poor myelination in toes- develops a little in life

Question 6

Grasping reflex

Answer 6

-Touch hand = grasp

Question 7

Stepping reflex

Answer 7

-Put baby over ground- it will step over ground- practice for walking

Question 8

Motor skills

Answer 8

Gross- crawling, swing arms, walk, run- large scale movements
Fine- Blink, move toes, writing

Gross develops first

-Motor skills develop core to out and head to toe

Question 9

Social developmental milestones

Answer 9

• Stranger anxiety, then Separation anxiety
• Selfish to taking turns
• Solitary, exploratory play to onlooker play to parallel Play
• Language develops
• Gender identity and knows name at age 3
• Everything in mouth to walking/throwing ball to aiming balls/tiptoe/fine motor to stacking, riding bikes, potty training, catch balls, buttons

Question 10

Attachment

Answer 10

Strange situation expt- toys in room

• secure - securely attached kids play apart from mom, explore mom but w/ reference to mom’s location- when mom goes upset but back, they’ll be okay right away, go back to playing; like dogs (cats don’t care if owner there or not)
• insecure - stay with mom, when mom leaves, upset for a lot longer
• avoidant/ambivalent- angry- hug mom, cry to mom, but then angry- knock toys away/scream