1 - nt

Question 1

ACh

Answer 1

• muscle contraction
• Brain: learning and memory; attention, arousal - Alzheimer’s
• Parasympathetic - slow heart

Question 2

Epi / NorEpi (adrenaline/nor)

Answer 2

Stress response; fight or flight = sympathetic
nor- mostly nt in brain; epi as hormone in body
Norepi- wakeful, alert

Epi, norepi, Dopamine = catecholamine, monoamine, biogenic amine

Question 3

Dopamine

Answer 3

Movement, Emotion, Rewards/addictive

-Parkinson’s (too less), Schizophrenia (too much- dopamine hypothesis)

Question 4

Serotonin

Answer 4

Sleep(dreams)/Wakefulness; Arousal; Mood; Hunger; Depression (too less)
ex) Seasonal affective disorder (shorter winter days) - less sun = less VitD = less serotonin production

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

gamma-aminobutyric acid
inhibitory nt
sleep, eating disorders

also Glycine

Brain “stabilization”

Question 6

Peptide nt

Answer 6

neuropeptides/neuromodulators

ex) endorphins/enkephalins = painkillers, analgesic
- like nt but slower (slower to act, stay in synapse longer)
- opioids mimic endorphins; longer behavior effect- addictive- stimulate septal nuclei
- SLOWER AND LONGER LASTING EFFECTS + ANALGESIC

Question 7

Organization of nt - central vs peripheral

Answer 7

Central - Dopamine, serotonin, GABA, Endoprhins
Both- ACh
Peripheral- Epi/Norepi

Question 8

Hypophyseal portal system + Endocrine

Answer 8

-Anterior pituitary + hypothalamus
AP: FLAT PEG
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, Endorphins, GH

Adrenal medulla- Epi, Norepi
Adrenal cortex - cortisol/corticosteroid, aldosterone, sex hormones
Gonads- estrogen, testosterone- increase libido