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ANP402 > 5 LE Vessels + Nerves > Flashcards

5 LE Vessels + Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

arterial supply of foo comes from the following:

A

(1) anterior tibial artery [dorsum]

(2) posterior tibial artery [plantar]

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2
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

branch off popliteal artery (behind superior tibia)

  • passes through IOM
  • continues as dorsalis pedis
  • PALPABLE
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3
Q

dorsalis pedis

A

lateral to exterior hallicus longus tendon @ navicular bone

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4
Q

dorsalis pedis divides into:

A

(1) deep plantar artery

(2) arcuate artery [dorsal metatarsal arteries][dorsal digital arteries]

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5
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

branch off popliteal artery

  • spans tibia to medial malleolus
  • PALPABLE
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6
Q

posterior tibial artery divides into:

A

(1) medial plantar artery
(2) lateral plantar artery

**meet to form deep plantar arch

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7
Q

deep plantar arch divides into:

A

(1) plantar metatarsal arteries

(2) plantar digital arteries

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8
Q

peripheral artery (vascular) disease

A

poor circulation in peripheral arteries

  • caused by atherosclerosis + otro damage to vessels
  • common in males > 60 years
  • pulse can be felt above but not below acclusion/blockage
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9
Q

peripheral

A

not coroneous, brain or aorta

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10
Q

venous drainage

A

pattern of veins more variable + anastomose more frequently

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11
Q

superficial veins

A

location: subcutaneous, in superficial fascia

(ie) great/small saphenous veins + tributaries

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12
Q

deep veins

A

located within muscular compartments

(ie) tibial, fibular, popliteal + femoral veins/tributaries

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13
Q

perforating veins

A

connect superficial + deep veins

- valves ensure one-way flow from superficial to deep

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14
Q

venous pump

A

contraction of muscles of expansion of arteries w/ each heart beat drives venous blood toward heart

  • blood = sucked from superficial to deep veins when muscles relax
  • valves ensure one-way flow
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15
Q

varicose veins

A

gnarled, enlarged veins, most commonly appearing in the legs and feet
- common in great saphenous vein

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16
Q

coronary bypass

A

great saphenous vein used b/c:

(1) readily accessible (superficial)
(2) length btwn tributaries + perforating veins = enough to harvest useable amounts
(3) higher % muscle + elastic fibers than other veins (FCN most similar to artery)

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17
Q

deep vein thrombrosis (DVT)

A

“deep vein clot”

formation of blood clot in deep vein
- characterized by warmth, swelling, redness + pain in area

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18
Q

Virchow’s Traid

A

factors that contribute to thrombosis

(1) tunica interna [endothelium] injury
(2) increase coagulability of blookd [prone to blood clots]
(3) venous stasis [bad blood flow]

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19
Q

venous stasis is caused by (4):

A

bad blood flow

(1) prolong sitting, lying down
(2) tight cast or bandage
(3) muscular inactivity
(4) loose fascia

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20
Q

thromboembolism

A

large clot that breaks free + travels through blood stream

- may cause pulmonary embolism [blocked artery] y death

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21
Q

lumbosacral plexus is made up of

A

lumbar plexus

sacral plexus

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22
Q

lumbar plexus

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves L1-L4

23
Q

sacral plexus

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4

24
Q

major nerves of lumbar plexus

A

femoral nerve

obturator nerve

25
Q

femoral nerve

A

innervates anterior thigh muscles + iliopsoas

26
Q

obturator nerve

A

innervates adductor muscles

27
Q

major nerves of sacral plexus

A

superior gluteal nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
sciatic nerve
pudendal nerve

28
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

innervates gluteus medius + gluteus minimus

29
Q

inferior gluteal nerve

A

innervates gluteus maximus

30
Q

sciatic nerve

A

-> tibial nerve -> medial y lateral planter nerves -> common fibular (peroneal) nerve -> superficial fibular y deep fibular nerves

31
Q

sural (cutaneous) nerve

A

originates from femoral nerve

- foot nerve

32
Q

saphenous (cutaneous) nerve

A

originates from tibial nerve y common fibular nerve merging together
- foot nerve

33
Q

foot drop

A

patient will present complaining of excessive tripping (catching toes on ground on forward swing in walking)
- may drag toes or have “waddling gait,” “swing-out gait,” or “slap-steppage gait”

  • foot position: plantar flexion + inverted -> dragging foot
    usually also sensory loss down anterior y lateral sides of leg + dorsum of foot/toes [including medial side of great toe]
  • damage to common fibular nerve
34
Q

common fibular nerve

A

winds around fibular neck to enter fibularis longus

  • travels laterally along biceps tendon
  • most vulnerable to injury around neck of fibula
  • damage = common cause of foot drop
35
Q

paralyzed muscles in foot drop:

A

(1) anterior compartment extensors
(2) lateral compartment evertors

**action of opposing muscles (inverters/flexors) causes foot position

36
Q

femoral triangle

A

located in superior anterior thigh, inferior to inguinal ligament

37
Q

femoral triangle boundaries

A

superior: inguinal ligament
medial: adductor longus
lateral: sartorius

38
Q

contents of the femoral nerve

A

lateral to medial:

femoral Nerve
Artery
Vein
Lymphatics

NAVEL

39
Q

femoral sheath

A

about 3-4cm fascial tube passing deep to inguinal ligament

- continuation of transversalis y iliopsoas fascia

40
Q

FCN of femoral sheath

A

allow femoral vessels to glide during hip movement

41
Q

femoral sheath compartments (3)

A

(1) lateral: femoral artery
(2) intermediate: femoral vein
(3) medial: femoral canal [contains lymphatics] - allows femoral vein to expand

42
Q

femoral ring

A

opening to femoral sheath compartments

43
Q

femoral herniation

A

protrusion of abdominal viscera femoral ring into femoral canal

  • palpable knot in groin area @ location of femoral pulse
  • results in strangulation of viscera y femoral artery

**more common in females due to wider pelvis

44
Q

gunshot y stab wounds in femoral triangle

A

no muscle covering therefore quicker death

- it’s like stabbing the aorta

45
Q

adductor canal

A

fascial tunnel (intermuscluar passage) deep to middle 1/3 of Sartorius

  • passage for femoral vessels enroute to popliteal fossa
  • spans from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
46
Q

adductor canal boundaries

A

(1) medial: sartorius
(2) lateral: vastus medialis
(3) posterior: adductor longus

47
Q

adductor canal contents

A

femoral artery/vein

saphenous vein

48
Q

popliteal fossa

A

located in posterior knee

- diamond-shaped

49
Q

popliteal fossa boundaries

A

(1) superolateral: biceps femoris
(2) superomedial: semimembranosus y semitendionosus
(3) inferior: gastrocnemius

50
Q

nerves of popliteal fossa

A

**sciatic nerve splits near apex

(1) common fibular (peroneal) nerve
(2) tibial nerve
(3) sural nerve

51
Q

vessels of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery

popliteal vein

52
Q

popliteal artery

A

deepest VAN (next to joint capsule)

53
Q

popliteal nerve

A

formed @ distal border when anterior/posterior tibial veins merge
- small saphenous vein joins mid-fossa

54
Q

popliteal (Baker’s) cysts

A

swelling of bursa or accumulation of synovial fluid in popliteal fossa

  • causes pain
  • impedes movement
  • treatement: aspirate/drain + rest

ANP402 (19 decks)

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