5 LE Hip + Gluteal Region Flashcards
arthrology of hip (coxal) joint
ball and socket (synovial)
- head of femur w/ acetabulum
- more stable but less movable
hip socket
depth increased via fibrocartilagenous labrum + transverse acetabular ligament
**1/2 head of femur inside socket
ligaments of hip joint
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
ligament of the head of the femur
hip ligaments FCN
allow considerable flexion + limited extension/hyperextension due to twist of ligaments
blood supply to hip joint
circumflex femoral arteries
acetabular branch of obturator artery (services head of femur)
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCP)
avascular necrosis of femur
- result of loss of blood flow to femoral head
- most common in children ages 2-14 (esp. 4-8 yrs)
- treatment: brace to decrease motion y allow femur to grow by decreasing pressure on it
**may result in permanent femur deformities
gluteal region
posterior aspect of body
- physically part of trunk but functionally part of lower limb
- from iliac crest to gluteal fold
intergluteal cleft
“butt crack”
- separates buttocks which makes walking easier
greater sciatic foramen
passage for sciatic nerve
- filled w/ periformis muscle (inferior sciatic)
- part of gluteal region
lesser sciatic foramen
pudendal nerve + vessels
superficial muscles of gluteal region
ABDUCT thigh
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
deep muscles of gluteal region
laterally rotates thigh + stablizes femoral head
piriformis obturator internus obturator externus superior gemellus infrior gemellus quadratus femoris
gluteus maximus
superifical muscle of gluteal region
O: ilium + sacrum + coccyx + sacrotuberous ligament
I: IT band + gluteal tuberosity (femur)
A: abduct + extend + laterally rotate thigh
N: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1-S2)
- *not used for standing/walking
- *used for running, jumping, climbing y rising from sitting position
- 8used when btwn flexed + standing position
gluteus medius and minimus
superficial muscle of gluteal region
O: ilium
I: greater trochanter
A: abduct + medially rotate thigh + prevent pelvis from dropping to opposite swing leg when walking
N: superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
**beneath gluteus maximus
tensor fasciae latae
superficial muscle of gluteal region
O: ASIS, iliac crest
I: IT band
A: abduct + medially rotate thigh + prevent pelvis from dropping to opposite swing leg when walking
N: superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Trendelenburg gait
pelvis on contralateral side (side not stepping) descends while walking
- result of weak muscles from injury to superior gluteal nerve, fracture of greater trochanger, or dislocate hip
piriformis
deep muscle of gluteal region
O: sacrum + sacrotuberous ligament
I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of thigh + abduct thigh
N: S1, S2
obturator internus
deep muscle of gluteal region
O: obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter
A: lateral rotation of thigh + abduct thigh
N: L5, S1
obturator externus
deep muscle of gluteal region
O: obturator membrane
I: trochanteric fossa
A: lateral rotation of thigh
N: obturator nerve (L3-L4)
superior gemellus
deep muscle of gluteal region
O: ischial spine
I: greater trochanter
A: laterally rotate thigh + abduct thigh
N: L5, S1
inferior gemellus
deep muscle of gluteal region
O: ischial tuberosity
I: greater trochanter
A: laterally rotate thigh + abduct thigh
N: L5, S1
quadratus femoris
deep muscle of gluteal region
O: ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest + quadrate line
A: laterally rotate thigh + abduct thigh
N: L5, S1
psoas major + minor
hip flexors
O: TP lumbar vertebrae + bodies of T12-L5 + intervertebral discs
I: lesser trochanter
A: flex thigh (walking, elevate for climging); flex trunk @ hip (ipsilateral); posture: maintain normal lumbar curvature during standing
N: L1-L3
iliacus
hip flexors
O: iliac crest + iliac fossa + sacrum
I: lesser trochanter + tendon of psoas major
A: flex thigh (walking, elevate for climging); flex trunk @ hip (ipsilateral); posture: maintain normal lumbar curvature during standing
N: femoral nerve (L2-L3)
iliopsoas
psoas major/minor + iliacus
