3 Abdominal Cavity I Flashcards
peritoneum layers
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
potential space
- peritoneal fluid
- closed in males
- pathway to outside via reproductive system in females (uterine tubes)
**not all organs in peritoneum
parietal peritoneum
via regional SOMATIC fibers
- well localized (direct pain)
sensitive to: pain, temperature, touch pressure (skin/external stimuli)
parietal peritoneum sensitive to:
(skin/external stimuli)
pain
temperature
touch pressure
visceral peritoneum
via AUTONOMIC fibers
- poorly localized (referred pain)
sensitive to: stretch + chemical irritation
visceral peritoneum sensitive to:
stretch
chemical irritation
peritoneum organs
intraperitoneal organs
retroperitoneal organs
subperitoneal organs
intraperitoneal organs
organs that are completely covered w/ visceral peritoneum
retroperitoneal organs
organs that are external to parietal peritoneum
- partially covered
(ie) kidney
**retro = behind
subperitoneal organs
organs that are external to parietal peritoneum
- partially covered
(ie) bladder
**sub = below
peritoneal formations
mesentary
omenta
mesentary
a double layer of peritoneum
- flap-like
- occurs as result of invagination of peritoneum by an organ
- connects an intraperitoneal organ w/ body wall (V.A.N.)
- sets pathway for vasculature
(ie) mesentary of small intestine
(ie) transverse mesocolon
omenta
a double, two-layered folds of peritoneum (2 sheets, 4 layers)
- create secondary sac
- mostly fat
- contains vessels and nerves
- travel from stomach/duodenum to adjacent organs
(ie) greater and lesser omentum
greater omentum
a four-layered apron that hangs from stomach/duodenum
- folds back to attach to transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
LEFT side
greater omentum FCN
(1) cushion
(2) insulation
(3) keep organs in proper orientation
(4) isolate infections via lymph
greater omentum ligaments
(1) gastrophrenic ligament
(2) gastrosplenic ligament
(3) gastrocolic ligament
lesser omentum
anchors stomach to liver and portal triad
- contains portal triad
lesser omentum ligaments
(1) gastrohepatic ligament
(2) heptoduodenal ligament
portal triad
made up of:
(1) hepatic portal vein
(2) hepatic artery
(3) common bile duct
parts of peritoneal fluid (peritoneal cavity)
supracolic compartments
infracolic compartments
L/R paracolic gutters
infracolic compartments includes
right paracolic gutter
right infracolic space
left infracolic space
left paracolic gutter
peritoneal fluid
lymphatics of diaphragm that reabsorb fluid
- subphrenic recess
- hepatonrenal recess
clinical application of peritoneal fluid
subphrenic recess, hepatorenal recess, and paracolic gutters make it easier for infections and cancer to spread
- most problems on right side
- causes perforated duodenal ulcers y appendicitis
ascites
abnormal build up of serous fluid in abdomen
- symptoms: swelling and distending of abdomen
causes of ascites
heart failure mechanical injury peritonitis infection portal hypertension starvation (lack of protein) cirrhosis (liver problems)
paired major abdominal arteries
L/R inferior phrenic artery
L/R renal artery
L/R gonadal artery
L/R lumbar artery
GIRLs got to the bathroom in PAIRS
unpaired major abdominal arteries
celiac artery
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery
median sacral artery
celiac artery branches
**branches at T12
(1) left gastric artery
(2) splenic artery
(3) common hepatic artery
celiac artery supplies
esophagus stomach liver duodenum gall bladder spleen pancreas
Every Student Likes Doing Grad School Papers
superior mesenteric artery supplies
small intestine secum appendix transverse colon ascending colon
superior mesenteric artery = S (i) S A T A
superior mesenteric artery branches
inferior pancreaticoduodenal middle colic right colic iliocolic jejunal/ilial
In Peru Mothers Rape Infants and Juveniles
inferior mesenteric artery supplies
transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum upper 1/2 anal canal
Today Dr. Sanchez Rapes Us
inferior mesenteric branches
left colic
sigmoid
superior rectal
Lupe Can’t Sample Sweets Regularly (chocolate chin)
medial sacral artery supplies
sacrum
artery
collacteral circulatory routes
- ensures adequate blood flow to distal areas
- provides alternative pathways for blood flow during restrictive movements
artery subtypes
arterial arcades (loops)
marginal artery
arteriae rectae
arterial arcades (loops)
anastomotic loops
between adjacent branches
collectively top of loops are marginal arteries
marginal artery
parallels colon
- connected to arteriae rectae
arteriae rectae
around and w/in gut tube
- does not communicate w/ each other
- connected to marginal artery
major abdominal veins
inferior vena cava
azygos system
hepatic portal system
inferior vena cava
union of two common iliac veins
- other tributaries (naming similar to arterial)
portal system
two capillary beds in connection consecutively before turning to heart
- needed for cleaning out fluids (liver) from GI tract before entering azygos
hepatic portal system
union of:
splenic vein + superior mesentary vein
purpose of hepatic portal system
(1) modify nutrient concentration and metabolism in blood
(2) remove bacteria, toxins, drugs
clinical application of hepatic portal system
drug power and necessary dosage depends on whether drugs goes to liver or not
- goes through liver, need larger dose
portal hypertension
results from increased venous pressure in system
- obstruction of portal vein
- obstruction of liver (tumor, cirrhosis)
portal hypertension can lead to
varicose veins (stomach to colon)
hemorrhoids (anus)
ascites
internal bleeding
sympathetic nervous system of abdominal organs
SNS decreases peristalsis and causes vasoconstriction
- abdominal sympathetic ganglia (paravertebral) (T5 - L3)
- splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, least and lumbar)
- prevertebral (collateral) ganglia
types of prevertebral (collateral) ganglia
(1) coliac
(2) aorticorenal
(3) superior mesentary
(4) inferior mesentary
prevertebral ganglia CASI (like)
parasympathetic nervous system
CNX vagus nerve
pelvic splanchnic nerves
CNX vagus nerve supplies
esophagus to transverse colon
*including accessory organs along the way
pelvic splanchnic nerves supply
descending colon to rectum
lymphatic drainage
characterized by a series of nodes associated with the abdominal aorta
- cisternal chyli
cisterna chyli
elongated sac that pools from abdomen and lower extremities
- becomes thoracic duct (into left)
- location: right side of aorta @ L1
spleen
largest solid lymphatic organ
- location: left hypochondrium @ 10th rib
- arterial supply: splenic artery
- venous drainage: splenic vein
FCN of spleen
(1) lymphopoieisis - make lymph
(2) filter y destroy aged RBC
(3) store RBC y platelets
clinical application of spleen
humans can live without a spleen
- the liver and bone marrow will take over spleen job
