4 UE Osseous Anatomy Flashcards
appendicular skeleton
upper extremity + lower extremity
upper extremity
pectoral girdle + upper limb
lower extremity
pelvic girdle + lower limb
upper extremity
pectoral girdle
arm
forearm
hand
pectoral girdle made up of:
scapula
clavicle
manubrium
arm made up of:
humerus
forearm made up of:
radius
ulna
hand made up of:
carpals (wrists)
metacarpals
phalanges
clavicle FCN
(1) strut - a movable crane-like support that keeps scapula/shoulder away from thorax so that arm can move freely
(2) protection VAN
(3) force transmission (UE to axial)
clincial app: CLAVICLE
- most commonly fractured bone
- 1st bone to ossify (5th-6th week in utero)
- last to close (epiphyses)
- no clavicle = arms pulled medially due to strength of pectoral
clavicle
bone that connects sternum to shoulder
**aka collar bone
features of the clavicle
sternal end acromial end sternal facet acromial facet shaft (2)
sternal end (clavicle)
the blunt/think end
- palpable
- sternal facet
- flat end
acromial end (clavicle)
flattened end
- acromial facet
superior shaft (clavicle)
smooth side of clavicle
inferior shaft (clavicle)
rough side of clavicle
- many grooves + ridges for muscle attachments y arteries/veins
clavicle articulations
acromioclavicular joint
sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
plane joint (gliding/sliding)
- coracoclavicular ligament
- acromioclavicular ligament
coracoclavicular ligament made up of:
trapezoid ligament (lateral) conoid ligament (inverted cone)
sternoclavicular joint made up of:
sternoclavicular ligament
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament
sternoclavicular ligament
anterior sternoclavicular ligament
posterior sternoclavicular ligament
scapula
connects humerus w/ clavicle
- highly mobile base from which upper limb moves freely
**aka shoulder blade
clinical application SCAPULA
winged scapula
acromium process fracture
winged scapula
scapula not fixed to thoracic wall very well
- caused by injury to long thoracic nerve, which innervates serratus anterior
- leads to decreased motion
acromium process fracture
most common fracture point in scapula
- absorbs force from clavicle
scapula borders
superior border
medial border
lateral border
scapula angles
superior angle
lateral angle
inferior angle
scapula processes
acromion process
coracoid process
scapula fossae
subscapular fossa
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
other scapula features
spine
glenoid cavity
scapula articulations
acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
humerus
(arm) largest bone in upper limb
humerus features
head tubercles (2) neck (2) shaft (2 features) epicondyles (2) trochlea + capitulum fossae (2)
humerus tubercles
greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
*intertubercular (bicipital) groove
greater tubercle
towards posterior side of humerus
intertubercular groove
found in btwn greater tubercle + lesser tuercle
- for long head of biceps brachii insertion
**aka bicipital sulcus
lesser tubercle
towards anterior side of humerus
anatomical neck (humerus)
visible from posterior side
surgical neck (humerus)
below tubercles
- visible from anterior side
- common fracture site
special features of the humerus shaft
deltoid tuberosity
radial groove