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ANP402 > 3 Abdominal Cavity II > Flashcards

3 Abdominal Cavity II Flashcards

1
Q

major quadrants of the abdomen

A

right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

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2
Q

abdominal regions

A 
R/L hypochondriac
R/L lumbar
R/L inguinal or iliac
epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric
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3
Q

location of kidneys

A

retroperiteneal

(left kidney) between T11 - L3
(right kidney) between T12 - L4

**liver pushes right kidney lower

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4
Q

kidny FCN

A

(1) excrete metabolic rate

(2) water, electrolyte, pH balance

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5
Q

kidney anatomy

A 
fibrous capsule
cortex
medulla
renal pyramid
renal papillae
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
uretor
hilum
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6
Q

medulla of kidneys

A

middle portion that is arranged into renal pyramids

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7
Q

renal circulation pathway (1)

A 
aorta
renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
cortical radiate artery
afferent arteriole
glomerulus
efferent arteriole
pertibular capillaries
cortical radiate vein
arcuate vein
interlobar vein
renal vein
inferior vena cava

A Restless Student In Anatomy Cries
After Getting Every Problem Correct Although I Really (doubt) It

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8
Q

renal circulation pathway (2)

A 
aorta
renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
cortical radiate artery
afferent arteriole
glomerulus
efferent arteriole
vasa recta
cortical radiate vein
arcuate vein
interlobar vein
renal vein
inferior vena cava
A Restless Student In Anatomy Cusses
After Getting (Efferent or) Very Carried Away In Retraining Information
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9
Q

renal circulation pathway (3)

A 
aorta
renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
cortical radiate artery
afferent arteriole
glomerulus
efferent arteriole
vasa recta
arcuate vein
interlobar vein
renal vein
inferior vena cava

ARSIAC AGEVAIRI

A Restless Student In Anatomy Cries
After Getting Every Vile Answer In Renal (kidney) Incorrect

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10
Q

renal vein

A

carries bad blood (deoxygenated) back to heart via inferior vena cava

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11
Q

nephron

A

a functional unit of the kidney

- there are various types of nephrons

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12
Q

components of the nephron

A

(1) renal corpuscle
(2) collecting system (tubules)
(3) blood supply

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13
Q

renal corpuscle

A

made up of

(1) glomerular capsule (tube)
(2) glomerulus (capillaries)

FCN: unregulated filtration

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14
Q

nephron urinary parthway

A

(1) glomerular capsule
(2) proximal convoluted tubule
(3) nephron loop (loop of Henle)
(4) distal convoluted tubule
(5) collecting duct
(6) minor calyx

Girls Can’t Please Conservative Niggers Like Dicks Can, That Can Destroy Many Couples

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15
Q

urine formation

A

(1) glomerular filtration
(2) tubular reabsorption

AND

(3) tubular secretion
(4) water conservation

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16
Q

blomerular filtration (urine formation)

A

create plasmalike filtrate of blood

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17
Q

tubular reabsorption (urine formation)

A

removes useful solutes from filtrate, returns them to blood

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18
Q

tubular secretion (urine formation)

A

removes additional wastes from blood, adds them to filtrate

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19
Q

water conservation (urine formation)

A

removes water from urine and returns it to blood, concentrates wastes

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20
Q

ureter

A

one per kidney

conveys urine from renal pelvis to bladder
- flow via peristalsis and hydrostatic pressure

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21
Q

arterial supply of ureter

A

renal artery

gonadal artery

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22
Q

venous drainage of ureter

A

renal vein

gonadal vein

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23
Q

bladder

A

muscular receptacle for urine

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24
Q

bladder anatomy

A

body
trigone
neck

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25
Q

arterial supply of bladder

A

internal iliac artery

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26
Q

venous drainage of bladder

A

internal iliac vein

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27
Q

urethra

A

tube that carries urine out of body from bladder

**shorter in females

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28
Q

major components of the digestive system

A

GI tract

accessory organs

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29
Q

components of the oral cavity

A 
teeth
hard palate
soft palate
tongue
salivary glands (3)
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30
Q

total number of teeth

A 
adult = 32
child = 20

**when Jamie was 32yrs old, I was 20yrs old

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31
Q

central incisor

A

erupts @ age 6-8

CI 6-8

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32
Q

lateral incisor

A

erupts @ age 7-9

LI 7-9

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33
Q

canine

A

erupts @ age 9-12

C 9-12

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34
Q

1st premolar

A

erupts @ age 10-12

1P 10-12

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35
Q

2nd premolar

A

erupts @ age 10-12

2P 10-12

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36
Q

1st molar

A

erupts @ age 6-7

1M 6-7

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37
Q

2nd molar

A

erupts @ age 11-13

2M 11-13

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38
Q

3rd molar

A

erupts @ age 17-25

3M 17-25

**aka wisdom tooth

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39
Q

regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharyns

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40
Q

muscle layers of the pharynx

A

external (constriction)
internal (elevation)

**work together to create peristalsis

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41
Q

esophagus

A

tube connecting oral cavity to stomach

- landmarks: C6 - T10

42
Q

normal anatomical constrictions of esophagus

A

(1) junction of pharynx + esophagus (upper esophageal sphincter)
(2) aorta + left bronchus
(3) esophageal hiatus (opening)

43
Q

problems with lower esophageal sphincter (at diaphragm) causes

A

(1) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - acid reflex

(2) pyrosis - heart burn

44
Q

clinical application of lower esophageal sphincter

A

GERD and pyrosis common in infants because the lower esophogeal sphincter is not as well developed

45
Q

arterial supply of esophagus

A

inferior thyroid artery

left gastric vein

46
Q

venous drainage

A

azygos vein

47
Q

lower esophageal sphincter fact

A

physiological purpose

  • dissolves after death
  • cannot be seen in cadavers
48
Q

regions of the stomach

A

cardiac
fundus
body
pyloric

49
Q

anatomical features of the stomach

A

pyloric sphincter
great curvature
lesser curvature
rugae

50
Q

muscular wall of stomach

A

(1) longitudinal - shortening motion
(2) circular - narrowing motion
(3) oblique - contraction @ angle that allows for greater destruction of food

51
Q

arterial supply of stomach

A

celiac artery to gastric artery

52
Q

venous drainage of stomach

A

(1) R/L gastric vein
(2) superior mesenteric vein
(3) splenic vein

Gee So Much Sex

53
Q

parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

December January Invierno

54
Q

duodenum

A

1st 10in of small intestine

  • connected to stomach
  • “C” shape
  • a recepticle
  • mainly retroperitoneal
55
Q

retroperitoneal

A

“potential” space behind the peritoneum in the abdomen

56
Q

jejunum

A

next 3-5ft after duodenum

57
Q

FCN of villi and microvilli (small intestine)

A

increase surface area for absorption

58
Q

arterial supply of small intestine

A

superior mesentery artery

59
Q

venous drainage of small intestine

A

superior mesentery vein

60
Q

FCN of large intestine

A

store water + dehydrate water

**water absorption + rescue

61
Q

large intestine anatomy

A 
cecum 
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
62
Q

features of large intestine

A

haustra

taenia coli

63
Q

haustra (large intestine)

A

pockets

**the individual bulges in the large intestine

64
Q

taenia coli (large intestine)

A

longitudinal muscle that creates bumps
- runs medially

**think drawstring of sweatpants

65
Q

clinical application of the large intestine

A

increase fiber, increase size of feces

- not constipated or diarrhea

66
Q

arterial supply of large intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery

inferior mesenteric artery

67
Q

venous drainage of large intestine

A

superior mesenteric vein

inferior mesenteric vein

68
Q

accessory GI organs

A

liver
gallbladder
pancreas

69
Q

liver location

A

right hypochondrium + epigastrium

70
Q

liver sides

A

R/L functionally independent

- divided by falciform ligament

71
Q

falciform ligament

A

ligament separating left from right lobe of the liver

72
Q

liver FCN

A

(1) filter + detoxify blood via hepatic portal vein
(2) produce bile
(3) regulate nutrient metabolism by storing fatty acids

73
Q

lobes of the liver

A

right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

74
Q

porta hepatis

A

“liver door”

transverse fissure on visceral surface

  • between caudate + quadrate lobes
  • marks division of L/R hepatic artery + L/R portal vein
75
Q

porta hepatis contains:

A

portal triad
nerves
lymphatic vessels

76
Q

components of the portal triad

A

hepatic portal vein
bile duct
hepatic artery

77
Q

quadrate lobe

A

next to gallbladder

  • anatomically like the right lobe
  • physiologically like the left lobe
78
Q

caudate lobe

A

towards back side

  • anatomically like the right lobe
  • physiologically like the left lobe

**caudate = tail (think posterior side)

79
Q

liver blood supply from the following sources:

A

(1) 70% = portal vein
(2) 30% = hepatic artery

70P 30V

80
Q

portal vein

A

supplies 70% of blood for liver

  • from GI vessels to liver sinusoids
  • divides into L/R @ porta hepatis

**oxygen poor, nutrient rich

81
Q

hepatic artery

A

supplies 30% of blood for liver

  • from celiac artery
  • fresh blood from heart
  • divides into L/R @ porta hepatis

**oxygen rich, nutrient poor

82
Q

prenatal circulation (liver)

A

ductus venosum
umbilical vein

**no need to process fluids during prenatal, fluids bypass liver

83
Q

postnatal circulation (liver)

A

ligamentum venosum

round ligament

84
Q

ductus venosum becomes

prenatal

A

ligamentume venosum

postnatal

85
Q

umbilical vein becomes

prenatal

A

round ligament

postnatal

86
Q

gallbladder

A

located in hollow between right and quadrate lobes of liver

  • bile produced in liver, released into R/L hepatic ducts
  • can flow into common bile duct OR be stored in gallbladder
  • location of cholesterol digestion
87
Q

clinical application of gallbladder

A

(1) cholecystitis - bile bladder inflammation
(2) gall stones - cholesterol stones/rocks
(3) can survive w/out gallbladder, only have to decrease cholesterol intake

88
Q

arterial supply of gallbladder

A

cystic artery

89
Q

venous drainage of gallbladder

A

cystic veins

90
Q

pancreas

A

located in retroperitoneal in transpyloric plane

- cannot live w/out pancreas

91
Q

pancreas FCN

A

(1) endocrine: insulin, alpha y beta cells

2) exocrine: secretions into ducts (bicarbonate HCO3 + enzymes

92
Q

arterial supply of pancreas

A

(1) splenic artery
(2) superior pancreaticochondenal artery
(3) inferior pancreaticochondenal artery

93
Q

venous drainage of pancreas

A

(1) splenic vein
(2) superior pancreaticochondenal vein
(3) inferior pancreaticochondenal vein

94
Q

ductal components of hepatobiliary tree

A

(1) R/L hepatic ducts
(2) common hepatic duct
(3) cystic duct
(4) common bile duct
(5) pancreatic duct
(6) accessory pancreatic duct

95
Q

esophagus anatomical landmark

A

C6 - T10

96
Q

stomach anatomical landmark

A

under left ribs

97
Q

liver anatomical landmark

A

under right ribs

98
Q

kidneys anatomical landmark

A

(left) T11 - L3

(right) T12 - L4

99
Q

abdominal aorta bifurcation anatomical landmark

A

at L4

100
Q

appendix anatomical landmark

A

right iliac region

- McBurney’s Point: 1/3 way along spinal umbilical line from anterior superior iliac spine to naval

101
Q

clinical application of appendix anatomical landmark

A

used for diagnosing appendicitis

- look for tenderness + digestion problems

ANP402 (19 decks)

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