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ANP402 > 5 LE Pelvis + Perineum > Flashcards

5 LE Pelvis + Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

pelvis

A

part of body surrounded by pelvic girdle

  • lies below + is continuous w/ abdomen
  • part of birth canal
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2
Q

anatomical position of pelvis

A

a bowl that is tilted forward

- pubic symphysis + ASIS are in same vertical plane

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3
Q

features of the pelvis

A

greater (false) pelvis

lesser (true) pelvis

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4
Q

greater pelvis

A

“false pelvis”

superior to pelvic brim

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5
Q

greater pelvis FCN

A

protect + support inferior abdominal viscera (shield)

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6
Q

lesser pelvis

A

“less pelvis”
inferior to pelvic brim
- pelvic inlet/pelvic outlet = tip of coccyx

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7
Q

pelvic cavity

A

between brim + pelvic outlet

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8
Q

lesser pelvis contains

A

distal GI tract (rectum/anus)
urinary tract (bladder)
reproductive organs

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9
Q

male pelvis

A

thicker bones + heavy

more prominent markings

smaller pelvis

deep greater pelvis

narrow/deep, tapering lesser pelvis

(pelvic inlet - superior) heart-shaped, narrow

(pelvic outlet - inferior) comparatively small

(pubic arch) narrow

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10
Q

female pelvis

A

thin + light bones

less prominent markings

larger pelvis

shallow greater pelvis

narrow/deep, tapering lesser greater pelvis

(pelvic inlet - superior) oval + rounded, wide

(pelvic outlet - inferior) comparatively large

(pubic arch) wide >80˚

oval obturator foramen

small acetebulum

(greater sciatic notch) almost 90˚

flat, wide, short sacrum

everted ischial tuberosities

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11
Q

types of pelves

A

android
anthropoid
gynecoid
platypeliod

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12
Q

android pelvis

A

heart-shaped pelvis

  • typically male
  • 20% of white females

**android = robot, robot has no heart

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13
Q

anthropoid pelvis

A

oval-shaped pelvis

  • typically male
  • common in black females

**ant has oval head like anthropoid

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14
Q

gynecoid pelvis

A

round-shaped pelvis

  • typically female
  • 50% of females
  • best for childbirth
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15
Q

platypelloid pelvis

A

pelvis that is flat by sacrum

  • rare
  • only 3% of females
  • causes most problems during childbirth

**platypus has flat tail… platypelloid pelvis has flat top

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16
Q

pelvic walls

A

anterior wall
lateral walls
posterior wall

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17
Q

anterior pelvic wal

A

pubic bones
rami
symphysis

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18
Q

lateral pelvic wall

A

hipbone
obturator membrane
obturator internus muscle

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19
Q

posterior pelvic wall

A 
sacrum
coccyx
piriformis muscle
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament
20
Q

pelvic floor

A

formed by the bowl / funnel-shpaed pelvic diaphragm

- located btwn lesser pelvis + perineum

21
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A

coccygeas + levator ani

22
Q

pelvic floor FCN

A

(1) support pelvic viscera

(2) counteract increase intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, sneezing, exerted exhale

23
Q

injury to pelvic floor

A

prominent during childbirth

  • may cause prolapse of vagina/rectum (organ comes out of hole when not supposed to)
  • may cause urinary + fecal incontinence (unable to hold it in)

**kegel exercises for prevention

24
Q

muscles of the levator ani

A

puborectalis “looper around pooper”
pubococcygeous
iliococcygeous

**hay 5 but only need to know 3

25
Q

levator ani

A

O: pubic + pelvic fascia + ischial spine
I: external anal sphincter, coccyx, central perineal tendon
A: support pelvic viscera + counteract increase intra-abdominal pressure + maintain urinary fecal continence
N: pudendal nerve

26
Q

coccygeus muscle

A

“ischiococcygeous”

O: ischial spine
I: sacrum + coccyx
A: support pelvic viscera + counteract increase intra-abdominal pressure + flex coccyx
N: pudendal nerve

27
Q

perineum

A

shallow compartment below pelvic diaphragm btwn thighs

- abducted thighs = diamond-shaped area

28
Q

perineum boundaries

A

(front) pubic symphysis
(back) tip of coccyx

ischial tuberosities

29
Q

perineum triangles (2)

A

(front) urogential triangle

(back) anal triagnle

30
Q

anal triangle

A

(perineum) pierces pelvic diaphragm
- surrounded by internal/external anal sphincters
- continuation of pelvic floor

31
Q

ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossae

A

wedge-shaped spaces btwn skin + pelvic diaphragm

  • contains fat
  • passage for nerves + vessels
  • avascular (hard to treat infections here w/ antibodies)
32
Q

pudendeal canal

A

sheath of CT that holds VAN

  • part of anal triangle
  • horizontal passageway
  • lateral wall ischioanal fossa
  • internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve + nerve to obturator internus enter @ lesser sciatic notch
  • supplies, drains y innervates most of perineum
33
Q

pudendal nerve block

A

numbs S2-S4 dermatomes, most of perineum y 25% of vagina

  • older method
  • used in childbirth
  • not used as much
  • does not numb uterus, cervix y 75% of upper vagina
  • still feel contractions
  • does not effect baby
  • used for episiotomy (vaginal repair)
34
Q

fascial coverings of the urogential triangle

A

superficial fascia

deep fascia

35
Q

superficial fascia (urogenital triangle)

A

fatty fascia

- membranous (perineal) fascia

36
Q

deep fascia (urogenital triangle)

A

perineal membrane

- anchors external genitalia (penis/scrotum + vulva)

37
Q

urogenital triangle

A

part of perineum

  • perineal muscles
  • external genitalia
  • supplied by internal pudendal artery + internal pudental vein + pudendal nerve
38
Q

male external genitalia

A

penis
scrotum
distal urethra

39
Q

female external genitalia

A 
vulva/pudendum
clitoris
mons pubis
labia
vaginal opening
vestibular glands
40
Q

superficial perineal muscles (3)

A

superficial transverse perineal
bulbospongiosus
ischiocavernosus

41
Q

perinal body

A

central part of attachment for sacral muscles between

42
Q

superficial transverse perinal

A

superficial perineal muscles

A: resist increase intra-abdominal pressure + support pelvic floor + fix perineal body
N: pudendal nerve

43
Q

bulbospongiosus

A

superficial perineal muscle

A: support pelvic floor
(males) assist w/ erection, ejaculations y nicturition (urination)
(females) control vaginal opening + assist in clitoral erection
N: pudendal nerve

44
Q

ischiocavernosus

A

superficial perineal muscle

A: compress erectile tissue to help maintain erection
N: pudendal nerve

45
Q

deep perineal muscles (2)

A

deep transverse perineal

external urethral sphincter

46
Q

deep transverse perineal

A

deep perineal muscle

A: resist increase intra-abdominal pressure + support pelvic floor + fix perineal body
N: pudendal nerve

47
Q

external urethral spincter

A

deep perineal muscle

A: compress urethra to maintain urinary continence
N: pudendal nerve

ANP402 (19 decks)

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