5. External factors Flashcards
what is middle class
has office jobs, disposable income, reads The Times, heaver emphasis on academic ideas
what is working class
low skilled jobs, manual labour, less income, more likely to live pay check to pay check, engage in non academic ideas
what is the definition for disadvantaged pupils
eligible for free school meals in the last 6 years, looked after continuously for at least one day in the last year and who have left care through a formal route such as adoption
how do peoples life chances relate to social mobility
you move into different social classes with the right work ethic and resources, but it’s quite hard too and most people won’t.For the majority, they remain where they are in society for life
what are the 2 main external factors
cultural deprivation
material deprivation
what are the 3 sections of cultural deprivation
language
parent’s education
working class subculture
how does language affect working class
restricted code
particular meanings, grammatically slang
simple and informal, context bound
how does language affect middle class
elaborated code
universal meaning
grammatically compact
formal and abstract
how does parenting style affect working class
less likely to push, not as many people in the family have been through further education
provide for children but lack expertise
different but not inadequate
how does parenting style affect middle class
more supportive, push children to achieve more and aspire higher
contact with school, demand teachers time
parents are equal or higher status to teachers
how does parent’s educational behaviour affect working class
no time, shifts look after kids, lack skills to advise children
how does parent’s educational behaviour affect middle class
invested in school
attend parents evenings, part of PTA
early socialisation of children into school life
how does parent’s use of income affect working class
can only provide necessary items, not anymore to create better
how does parent’s use of income affect middle class
give tutors, mentoring, ability to give more to education
how does external subcultures affect working class
fatalism
immediate gratification
present time orientation
collectivism
how does external subcultures affect middle class
optimism
differed gratification
future time orientation
individualism
How can compulsory starter education influence children to do better at school?
teach parents and kids on how to educate and socialise
parent classes from experts on how to support children in education
eg- Head Start, Sesame Street
How can the myth of cultural deprivation influence cultural differences
should see it as a difference not a deprivation
given equal/ fair chance at life
have to allow all of society to exist before dominating one
How can victim blaming influence cultural deprivation? (Keddie)
blamed for culture, a situation they can’t control
unfair on people who are helpless
How can speech hierarchy influence cultural deprivation? (Troyna and Williams)
elaborated speech code vs restricted speech
middle class holds more status- the right way to speak
How can parents lack of interest influence cultural deprivation? (Blackstone and Mortimore, Douglas)
teachers hate parents evening, parents dont care, based on the 9-5 work not shifts
middle class take on feedback, working class may ignore it.
What are the 3 sections of material deprivation?
- different not inadequate
- interested but barriers block it
- attitudes reflect economic position
what is material deprivation?
inability to afford all costs of education, means including the hidden costs that may come too
How does ‘young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals’ impact educational achievement (Howard)
higher illness rate, slower days, partake less in lessons
-healthy living tokens, FSM, breakfast clubs
How does ‘the lower the social class, the higher the rates of hyperactivity, anxiety and conduct disorder in 10yo’ impact educational achievement (Wilkinson)
children don’t have socialised expected behaviour, they run wild, distracted in lessons
-silent study rooms, accommodate needs, mental health and guidance support
How does ‘books, transport, equipment burden family costs’ impact educational achievement (Tanner)
cant afford it, wont pay extra to support children, dont believe in as it’s a scam
-buy second hand, cheaper
How does ‘material deprivation as a barrier for tuition and private schooling’ impact educational achievement (Smith and Noble)
can’t receive best level, feel left out and won’t participate, ignore all support, no extra tutor so lower performance
-universal credit, scholarships, bursaries
How does ‘more costs than benefits of going to university’ impact educational achievement (Callender and Jackson)
get into debt, only good if you use your degree, apprenticeships go even further
-loans, bursaries, part time job
How does ‘students apply to local universities to avoid travel costs’ impact educational achievement (Reay)
stay home, don’t pay for it and then avoid living and travel costs
-never go home
