11. Gender and Achievement: Gender Identity Flashcards
What is hegemonic masculinity
the dominant idea that the man has to be macho man with laddish subcultures, while women are emotional, softer, bedroom culture etc
What do girls feel they need to do to attract boys, researched by Dr Maria do Mar Pereira?
girls feel they have to downplay their abilities, pretending to be less intelligent than they actually are, noy speaking out against harassment and withdrawing from sports and hobbies that might seem unfeminine.
Why do young people change their behaviour to fit in?
according to peer pressures to fit into society, young men become more dominant, being with a women smarter than them will undermine their masculinity
How is gender ideals influenced by society?
British media, literature, and popular culture etc.
How is gender identity formed in schools?
Double standards
Verbal Abuse
The male gaze
Male peer groups
Female peer groups and policing identity
Teachers and discipline
How does Double Standards create gender identity at school?
(Sue Lees 93)
sexual morality- boys boats about sexual exploits, but girls are slags if they don’t have a steady boyfriend, or dress in a certain way. sexual conquest is approved by status in male groups, and ignored by male teachers. promiscuity attracts negative attention for women. creates a patriarchal ideology, thirsty male power and devaluing women, reinforcing gender inequalities
How does Verbal Abuse create gender identity at school?
Cornell- rich vocabulary of abuse, dominate gender and sexual identities
Lees 93- girls are slags if sexually available, drags if not. maintain male power, LGBT abuse to protect own identities.
Parker 96- boys are gay for having female friends and teachers, no relation to students sexual identities, reinforcing gender inequalities
How does The male gaze create gender identity at school?
Mac and Ghail 1994
male pupils and teachers look girls up and down seeing them as sexual objects, judging appearances. dominant heterosexual masculinity, femininity devalued. tell friends about sexual conquests to prove masculinity. boys who don’t display masculinity risk label ‘gay’
How does Male Peer groups create gender identity at school?
reinforce ideas of masculinity
Epstein and Warsal- anti school subcultures, accused of being gay
Mac and Ghail 94- range of classed based gender identities, working class to macho lads. dismissed middle class, foster english man when in sixth form
How does Female Peer groups; policing identity create gender identity at school?
Jessica Ringrose 13- working class girls gain capital and status by performing hyper heterosexual feminine activities. glamour/sexy to tramp if fail to conform
Carrie 07- when dating heterosexually, idealised feminine identity. relationships for boys convey symbolic capital as girls balance slut shaming to frigid boy friends
Francis 10-shaming is a social construct to police school girls identities. girls who succeed become asexual, risking shunning from others. middle class boffin defines working class chavs
How does Teacher Discipline create gender identity at school?
Chris Haywood 06- teachers reinforce gender identity definitions, male teachers tell boys off for behaving like girls, teasing them when getting lowest test marks. ignore verbal abuse of boys to girls. blame girls for attracting it.
Sue Askell, Carol Ross 88- male teacher enforce gendered messaged. protective towards female colleagues rescuing them from threatening pupils who are disruptive, reinforces how women can’t cope alone.
How is gender identity in schools shown in real life
(Educating Yorkshire)
anti-school subcultures
idealised future identities
good teacher pupil relationships
girls don’t get on with young female teachers, they do with male
aspire to be footballs or manual workers
fighting over boys, while dumb down to seem attractive
importance of friendships.
time spent on appearance> school work
