4.9 Managing pollution of fresh water Flashcards
1
Q
strategies for improving
water quality
A
- improved sanitation
- treatment of sewage
- pollution control and legislation
2
Q
Improve sanitation:
A
separates human waste from water source and it can be removed by a connection to a system of sewer pipes that collects human waste
3
Q
sewage treatment process
(5)
A
- Screening tank: large objects are removed from the waste using a coarse grid.
- Primary treatment, first settling tank: solid organic matter, mainly human waste, settles at the bottom of the tank (sludge), which is treated in a sludge digester.
Clean water then overflows the sides of the tank and is taken to the next stage. - Sludge digester: oxygen-free conditions are created that encourage the growth of bacteria which can break down the sludge, releasing methane, that can be burnt.
- Secondary treatment, oxidation: water is pumped into a tank where oxygen is bubbled through it.
This encourages the growth of bacteria and other microbes that break down organic matter. - Secondary treatment, second settling tank: water enters, where bacteria settle to the bottom, forming more sludge.
This cleaner water overflows the sides of the tank as effluent, usually discharged into a river. - Tertiary treatment: further filtering out of its effluent or its chlorination which produces even cleaner effluent that protects the habitat in which it is released.
4
Q
what other ways are water treated except sewage treatment, improved sanitation, Pollution control and legislation?
A
Water is made potable by undergoing
coagulation treatment,
Chlorination,
boiling,
Filtration
5
Q
process of Chlorination and coagulation treatment
A
- Coagulation: Particles in the water are stuck together and settle to the bottom of the container.
Water is then filtered through sand. - Chlorination: to kill remaining pathogens, chlorine is added as a disinfectant.
6
Q
Pollution control and legislation:
A
- puts pressure on polluters to find ways to reduce pollutants.
- Industries are required to monitor the pollution they cause and keep it within set level.
7
Q
examples of laws for pollution control
A
- Fines for exceeding set limits.
- Companies may be prosecuted and in extreme cases, forced to shut down.
- Companies may need government agreement on strategic plans to reduce pollution levels.
- Incentives may be used to encourage companies to take part, such as grants or tax relief