4.9 Managing pollution of fresh water Flashcards

1
Q

strategies for improving
water quality

A
  • improved sanitation
  • treatment of sewage
  • pollution control and legislation
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2
Q

Improve sanitation:

A

separates human waste from water source and it can be removed by a connection to a system of sewer pipes that collects human waste

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3
Q

sewage treatment process
(5)

A
  • Screening tank: large objects are removed from the waste using a coarse grid.
  • Primary treatment, first settling tank: solid organic matter, mainly human waste, settles at the bottom of the tank (sludge), which is treated in a sludge digester.
    Clean water then overflows the sides of the tank and is taken to the next stage.
  • Sludge digester: oxygen-free conditions are created that encourage the growth of bacteria which can break down the sludge, releasing methane, that can be burnt.
  • Secondary treatment, oxidation: water is pumped into a tank where oxygen is bubbled through it.
    This encourages the growth of bacteria and other microbes that break down organic matter.
  • Secondary treatment, second settling tank: water enters, where bacteria settle to the bottom, forming more sludge.
    This cleaner water overflows the sides of the tank as effluent, usually discharged into a river.
  • Tertiary treatment: further filtering out of its effluent or its chlorination which produces even cleaner effluent that protects the habitat in which it is released.
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4
Q

what other ways are water treated except sewage treatment, improved sanitation, Pollution control and legislation?

A

Water is made potable by undergoing
coagulation treatment,
Chlorination,
boiling,
Filtration

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5
Q

process of Chlorination and coagulation treatment

A
  • Coagulation: Particles in the water are stuck together and settle to the bottom of the container.
    Water is then filtered through sand.
  • Chlorination: to kill remaining pathogens, chlorine is added as a disinfectant.
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6
Q

Pollution control and legislation:

A
  • puts pressure on polluters to find ways to reduce pollutants.
  • Industries are required to monitor the pollution they cause and keep it within set level.
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7
Q

examples of laws for pollution control

A
  • Fines for exceeding set limits.
  • Companies may be prosecuted and in extreme cases, forced to shut down.
  • Companies may need government agreement on strategic plans to reduce pollution levels.
  • Incentives may be used to encourage companies to take part, such as grants or tax relief
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