4.3 Water supply Flashcards

1
Q

different sources of fresh water used by people
(5)

A
  1. aquifers,
  2. wells,
  3. rivers,
  4. reservoirs,
  5. desalination plants
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2
Q

sources of surface water, ground water and sea examples

A
  • (Fresh water is often very visible on the earths surface) surface water: lakes,rivers and swamps.
  • A lot more water is stored in Ground water: water present in the soil or in rocks under the surface of the ground
  • Fresh Water is available from the sea if desalination is done
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3
Q

aquifers

A
  • water stored in porous rock underground,
  • Groundwater can be extracted using a water well.
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4
Q

wells

A

A hole bored or dug into rock to reach the water stored there. Wells can be either near the surface or they can draw up water from very deep.

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5
Q

ground water sources

A

aquifers and wells

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6
Q

reservoir

A

an artificial lake where water can be stored

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7
Q

Water from rivers:

A
  • Can be obtained simply dipping buckets into it.
  • By constructing reservoirs-Dams
  • service reservoir-
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8
Q

service reservoir

A

where Potable (drinking) water is stored in reservoirs

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9
Q

desalination

A

removal of salt from seawater

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10
Q

desalination by distillation

A
  • Water is boiled and released as vapour,leaving the salt behind.The vapour is condensed as liquid water and can be used.
  • 10-30% efficient
  • uses a lot of energy (cause boiling= lots of heat energy)
  • can be a source of pollution.
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11
Q

desalination by reverse osmosis

A
  • Salt water is pumped at high pressure through very fine semi permeable membranes.these block passage of salt and minerals.only fresh water flows through the membranes
  • 30-50% efficient
  • requires less energy than distillation (only uses force for pressure)
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12
Q

Water from the sea:

A

Two processes can be used to make salt water potable:
* 1st method of desalination is by distillation
* 2nd method desalination by reverse osmosis

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13
Q

reverse osmosis process

A

Water molecules move from low water potential (because of salt pressence in seawater) to high water potential (only water now no salt as it passes through the membrane) through a partially permeable membrane (so there will be a balance in the concentration of water between the two sides)

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