4.10 Managing water-related disease Flashcards
Water-bred disease
the carrier breeds in water and spreads the disease by biting its victims.
Example of water-bred disease
Example: malaria, symptons are fever,headaches, nausea, body ache
describe the life cycle of the malaria parasite (infected mosquito bites uninfected human)
- Malaria parasite is carried by mosquitoes
- mosquitoes are vectors, specifically the female/ anopheles mosquito
- infected mosquito bites uninfected human
- Mosquito feeds on human blood and the blood can carry the plasmodium parasite that causes malaria
- In humans Plasmodium parasite gets into liver cells where it multiplies and makes cells burst
describe and evaluate strategies to control
malaria
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- Use of antimalarial drugs
- mosquito nets
- wear cloths that covers the body
- control moquito with pesticides
- removal of stagnant water
- application of oil to water souces
- use vaccinations
- educate people on the risks of malaria by setting up campaigns and prgrammes
Water-borne disease:
spread by consuming contaminated water due to poor sanitation and untreated sewage, or by washing food, pots and pans, or hands and face in dirty water.
Examples of water-borne disease
Examples: cholera and typhoid.
Cholera:
intestinal infection that caused by vibrio cholerae and causes severe diarrhoea that may lead to dehydration and eventually death.
Why is it difficult to control malaria
- remoteness of population
- lack of money for control methods
- lack of health care
- lack of awareness amongst population
- resistence to antimalarial drugs
- areas with lots of stagnant water present
How cholera is spread from one person to another?
Can be caused by
* infective bacterium, vibrio cholerae
* person infected with bacterium;
* sewage from infected person leaked into water supply;
* water supply contaminated;
* people drink contaminated water;
Strategies to control cholera
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- Ensure that sewage and drinking water are kept separate;
- Sewage removed directly into a treatment works;
- Water being treated before it’s delivered into homes;
- Do not use contaminated water to wash food;
- Hands should be washed after contact with any faecal material;
- Boiling water and chlorination