Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > 47 Blood supply and CSF circulation > Flashcards

47 Blood supply and CSF circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery supplies anterior 2/3 of the brain, including major parts f the cerebral hemisphere and the basal ganglia and internal capsule?

A

Internal carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which artery supplies posterior 1/3 of the CNS, including the cerebellum and brainstem?

A

Vertebral artery (> Basilar artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the main branches of the vertebral and basilar artery.

A
  1. Anterior spinal artery
  2. Superior cerebellar artery
  3. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  4. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
  5. Posterior cerebral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anterior spinal artery supplies?

A

Medulla and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oculomotor nerve is in between which 2 arteries?

A

Posterior cerebral artery and
Superior cerebellar artery
(both from basilar artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In middle medullary syndrome, what structures are affected? Why?

A

Motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, hypoglossal nucleus contribute to the hypoglossal nerve;
pyramid > UMNL

  • anterior spinal artery lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In lateral medullary syndrome, what structures are affected? Why

A

Sensory nuclei, deficits in pain (spinothalamic tract, spinotrigeminal nuclei…)

  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______________, branch of ICA goes to the temporal lobe and supplies the inferior horn of the ventricle by choroid plexus and also the hippocampus.

A

Anterior choroidal artery

also posterior limb of internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The anterior cerebral arteries on 2 sides are joint by the ____________ artery.

A

anterior communicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The posterior communicating artery links which 2 arteries?

A

ICA and posterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ophthalmic artery is a branch of?

A

ICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List spots where aneuryms are commonly associated in the Circle of Willis.

A
  1. Anterior communicating artery
  2. ICA
  3. Posterior cerebral artery (between 2)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What will happen when there is aneurysm in the posterior communicating artery?

A

Deficits in CN3, as CN3 is in between posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When aneurysm bursts, it may lead to?

A

subarachnoid bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which 2 types of branches are present in cerebral arteries? What types of structures they supply?

A
  1. Cortical branches

2. Central (penetrating) branches: supplying deeper structures like the basal ganglia and internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ______________ artery emerges from the lateral sulcus on the surface of the insula.

A

Middle cerebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cortical branches of middle cerebral artery supplies?

What are the significant structures involved?

A
  • Lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere
  1. Broca’s area
  2. Wernicke’s area
  3. Angular gyrus, supra marginal gyrus
  4. Primary auditory cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cortical branches of Posterior cerebral artery supplies?

A

Inferior and medial surfaces of temporal and occipital lobes, (extends little over lateral surface of hemisphere)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lesion of cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery?

A
  1. Broca’s area: expressive aphasia
  2. Wernicke’s area: Receptive aphasia
  3. Angular gyrus: cannot comprehend abstract figures
  4. Parietal cortex: hemineglect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Important structures supplied by the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery?
What will happen if there is a lesion?

A
  1. Fusiform gyrus - unable to recognise faces
  2. Hippocampus - unable to recognize places, memory formation
  3. Primary visual cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cortical branches of Anterior cerebral artery supplies?

A
  • Medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes

- Extends over to margin of lateral surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Important structures supplied by the cortical branches of the anterior cerebral artery? Lesion will lead to?

A
  1. Corpus callosum (unable to communicate between 2
    hemispheres, unable to carry out verbal commands)
  2. Cingulate gyrus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the central branches of the anterior cerebral artery?

A

Medial striae

24
Q

What does the medial striae arteries supply? What will happen if there is a lesion?

A

from ACA, supplies

  1. the head of caudate nucleus 2. putamen
  2. anterior limb of the internal capsule

Lesion: Hyperkinesia

25
Q

What are the central branches of the posterior cerebral artery? Important structures supplied by them?

A

Thalamoperforating branches

  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. lateral ventricle
  4. third ventricle
  5. midbrain (weber’s syndrome)
26
Q

Lateral striae arteries are central penetrating branches of the _____________. They mainly supply?

A

Middle cerebral artery;

  1. caudate, putamen, globus pallidus
  2. internal capsule (anterior and posterior limbs)
27
Q

What will happen if there is a lesion in lateral strain arteries?

A
  1. Hyperkinesia - basal ganglia

2. UMNL (motor deficits) - anterior and posterior limbs of IC

28
Q

Anterior choroidal artery is the central perforating branch of ICA. What structures does it supply?

A
  1. Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Globus pallidus
  4. Posterior limb of internal capsule
  • it goes backward to the medial aspect of the temporal lobe
29
Q

Why capsular stroke will cause severe motor and sensory deficits?

A

Capsular stroke - due to the blockage of the lateral striae arteries that supplies the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule

Genu: corticonuclear fibers
Posterior limb: corticospinal and corticoreticular fibers

30
Q

How does cerebral veins drain to IJV?

A

Cerebral veins > Dural sinuses > IJV

31
Q

Which of the following about cerebral veins is true?
A. Cerebral veins have no valves
B. Superior ones drain the cortex and subcortical white matter
C. Superior ones mostly drain to inferior sagittal sinus
D. They have a lot of anastomoses
E. Can be divided into superficial and deep veins

A

All except C;

should be to superior sagittal sinus

32
Q

What structures do the deep cerebral veins drain from?

A

Diencephalon, deep white matter, basal ganglia, choroid plexus

33
Q

Where do the deep cerebral veins end?

A

in the internal cerebral veins, great cerebral vein of Galen > straight sinus

34
Q

State the venous drainage system.

A

Internal cerebral veins > Great cerebral vein of Galen
+ Inferior sagittal sinus
> Straight sinus + superior sagittal sinus
> Confluence of sinus
> Transverse sinus
> Sigmoid sinus
> IJV

35
Q

The ventricular system is lined with __________ and it communicates with the _________ space.

A

ependyma;

subarachnoid space

36
Q

CSF is secreted by ________________ which are surrounded by specialised ependyma, the choroidal epithelium to control the composition of CSF.

A

Choroid plexus / choroidal epithelium

37
Q

CSF is produced in the ___________ and will enter the _____________.

A

Ventricular system; subarachnoid space

38
Q 
Compared to blood, CSF is:
A. lower in glucose
B. lower in proteins
C. lower in red blood cells 
D. lower in leukocytes
A

All of the above

C: except in subarachnoid bleeding

39
Q

Diseases of the CNS will cause what changes to the CNS?

A

Rise in CSF, especially WBC in CSF

40
Q

State the sites where the ventricular system is prone to hydrocephalus.

A

Narrow sites

  1. Anterior margin of the thalamus: inter ventricular foramen (pineal tumour) (between lateral ventricle and 3rd ventricle)
  2. Cerebral aqueduct (between 3rd and 4th ventricle)

(also apertures)

41
Q

Which part of the ventricular system is highly related to the midbrain?

A

cerebral aqueduct

42
Q

4th ventricles contains 2 lateral and 1 median apertures for?

A

communicating with the subarachnoid space

43
Q

Roof and Floor of 4th ventricle is?

A

Roof: cerebellum;
Floor: pons and medulla

44
Q

3rd ventricle is bounded by?

A

Diencephalon

45
Q

Lateral ventricles consists of what parts?

A

Anterior, posterior, inferior horns, body, atrium

46
Q

Where is the median aperture located?

A

Roof of the 4th ventricle

47
Q

What does it meant by closeand open medulla?

A 
close = leave by central canal
open = leave by median aperture of 4th ventricle
48
Q

Caudate nucleus is medial/lateral to the lateral ventricle?

A

Lateral

49
Q

State the flow of CSF circulation from the lateral ventricle to the veins.

A

Lateral ventricle > inter ventricular foramen > 3rd ventricle > cerebral aqueduct > 4th ventricle > lateral and median apertures > subarachnoid spaces > arachnoid granulations < superior sagittal sinus

50
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Space between the arachnoid and the pia, containing CSF, arteries and veins, arachnoid trabecular

51
Q

______________ is an expanded subarachnoid space.

Examples are?

A

Arachnoid cistern;

  1. cerebellomedullary (cisterna magna)
  2. pontine
  3. superior
  4. interpeduncular
  5. Chiasmatic cisterns
52
Q

What is the function of arachnoid cap cells?

Any clinical significance?

A

Act as a valve for unidirectional movement of CSF;

Cellular origin of a benign tumour, meningioma

53
Q

Reasons for excessive CSF accumulation?

A
  1. Increased production
  2. Interference with circulation
  3. Interference with absorption
54
Q

How can a doctor examine a patient with CSF accumulation?

A

Hydrocephalus: accumulation of CSF either in the ventricular system/ subarachnoid space causes an increase in CSF pressure, causes dilation of ventricles, head enlargement in infants and papilledema.
Examine the optic disk of the eye where the optic nerve and disk is covered by meninges. Will be swollen if CSF accumulation.

55
Q

What is non-communicating hydrocephalus? What will happen?

A

The communication between the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space is blocked = obstructive hydrocephalus.

56
Q

Which parts of the ventricular system will be affected in Obstructive hydrocephalus due to compression of cerebral aqueduct?

A

Compression in cerebral aqueduct > upstream of cerebral aqueduct: 3rd ventricle + lateral ventricle > dilatation there, but not in downstream (4th ventricle etc.)

57
Q

What are the 3 different bleedings associated with meninges? Rupture of what blood vessels?

A
  1. Epidural: from middle meningeal artery
  2. Subdural: from torn cerebral vein and its junction with dural sinus
  3. Subarachnoid: from ruptured aneurysm of artery in subarachnoid space

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions