38 Cerebral hemisphere 2

Question 1

Which areas are involved in language?

Answer 1

Primary visual and auditory areas, Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, angular gyrus

Question 2

_____________ cortex is involved in personality and social behavior.

Answer 2

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 3

______________ is involved in working memory and foresight.

Answer 3

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 4

Broca’s area is in the ___________gyrus of the ________ cortex.

Answer 4

Inferior;

frontal

Question 5

Wernicke’s area is in the _________ lobe next to the _________ area.

Answer 5

temporal;

primary auditory

Question 6

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area is dominant on the _______side.

Answer 6

left (90% people)

Question 7

Give the neural route when a person sees a written question and answer it orally.

Answer 7

lateral geniculate nucleus > Primary visual cortex > higher cortical areas > angular gyrus (in parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex) > arcuate fasciculus > Broca’s area > primary motor area

Question 8

Give the neural route when a person listened to a question and answer it orally.

Answer 8

primary auditory cortex > Wernicke’s area > via arcuate fasciculus > Broca’s area > primary motor area

Question 9

Angular gyrus function?

Lesion?

Answer 9

Generate meaning of written symbols, neuro dictionary of the brain, understand written words

Lesion:

1. Alexia: cannot read
2. Agraphia: cannot write

Question 10

Function of Broca’s area?

Lesion?

Answer 10

Motor speech;

Expressive aphasia > depressed, frustrated

Question 11

Function of Wernicke’s area?

Lesion?

Answer 11

Understand spoken word;

Receptive aphasia, generate irrelevant answers

Question 12

Patients with dyslexia lack activity in the _____________cortex. Details?

Answer 12

Parieto-temporal;

Primary visual cortex, Broca’s area lit up, but lack activation of angular gyrus

Question 13

Novice readers (beginners) use _____________ regions to dismantle words step by step; experienced readers rely on the _____________ region to recognize word instantly.

Answer 13

Parietotemporal;

occipitotemporal

Question 14

__________ hemisphere is dominant in language and sequential analyses like calculations. (when verbal question is asked).

Answer 14

Left

Question 15

____________ hemisphere is superior in shape and spatial recognition, and it is more musical (when motor movement is requested)

Answer 15

Right

Question 16

Ventromedial prefrontal area contains the ________________ cortex which is the highest processing center for emotional processing.

Answer 16

Limbic association cortex

Question 17

_________________ cortex
contains domains of cognition concerning extrapersonal space, objects, language and arithmetic – analytical domain. It is able to Able to hold memory temporariliy, disappears immediately once the decision is made (Delayed response task)

Answer 17

Dorsolateral frontal

Question 18

When the brain is generating a word (thinking task), activity in which 4 areas can be seen?

Answer 18

1. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (left)
2. Temporal lobe, posterior temporal cortex (left)
3. Right cerebellum
4. Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 19

After extensive practice, only ____________are activated but not the _____________ in generating word tasks.

Answer 19

insular cortices;
frontal cortices
(anterior cingulate, left frontal cortex, right cerebellum, left posterior temporal cortex)

Question 20

The conflict generated in the Stroop effect is most prominently seen
in the _________________.

Answer 20

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 21

______________ is the Central executive system of the brain: master control hat ask the prefrontal cortex to process new information with old and ask the posterior temporal cortex to recall information and process within the area of working memory.

Answer 21

Anterior cingulate cortex

Question 22

Anterior cingulate cortex VS cingulate gyrus?

Answer 22

Anterior cingulate cortex : central executive system, memory, processing of words, perception of emotional part of pain;

cingulate gyrus: involved in papez circuit;
cingulate gyrus, sensory association areas > entorhinal area > hippocampus

Question 23

Abnormal increase in blood flow in the _____________ causes endogenous depression.

Answer 23

Prefrontal cortex&raquo_space;> parietal and temporal have less blood flow

Question 24

In schizophrenics, there is no activation of the ____________ cortex when given a task to generate words.

Answer 24

Prefrontal cortex

Question 25

VTA is located in the midbrain and sends ___________ axons which form part of the medial forebrain bundle (terminates within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) .

Answer 25

dopaminergic

> modulate activity of the cortical neurons in the prefrontal cortex including the anterior cingulate cortex