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Neuroanatomy > 39 Limbic sytem > Flashcards

39 Limbic sytem Flashcards

1
Q

Cortex beneath the middle cerebral artery is called?

A

Insula

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2
Q

The medial part of the temporal lobe contains?

A
  1. Hippocampus, the convoluted cortex

2. Parahippocampal formation: gyrus below the hippocampus

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3
Q

________is the fiber bundle that arises from the hippocampus, it runs C-shape course on the medial wall of the hemisphere, on the surface of hippocampus.

A

Fornix

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4
Q

The olfactory pathway is unique in that it does not go to the _____________.

A

thalamus

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5
Q

How is the olfactory system related to the limbic system?

A

Olfactory nerve > bulb > tract > primary olfactory area/cortex > amygdala

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6
Q

Components of the limbic lobe?

A

○ Cingulate gyrus
○ Septal area
○ Parahippocampus gyrus (with amygdala) [rhinal sulcus and collateral sulcus]
○ Hippocampus = hippocampal formation

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7
Q

Rhinal sulcus is anterior/posterior part of the parahippocampus.

A

Anterior

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8
Q

The collateral sulcus is between _________ and __________ of the parahippocampus.

A

lingual gyrus and fusiform gyrus

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9
Q

The parahippocampal gyrus bends backward. The bent-back segment is called the _________.

A

uncus

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10
Q

Anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus is the _______ area (area ___)

A

Entorhinal area; area 28

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11
Q

The piriform lobe consists of the ____________ and __________and appears to be pear-shaped.

A

uncus and entorhinal area

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12
Q

_________ is a nuclear mass located beneath the surface of the uncus .

A

Amygdala

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13
Q

The primary olfactory area consists of?

A
  1. cortex covering amygdala
  2. cortex in front of amygdala
  3. cortex in part of the entorhinal area
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14
Q

At the anterior end of the lateral ventricle, the _____________________ continues ventrally as a thickened medial wall. The medial wall contains the ____________.

A 
septum pellucidum;
septal nuclei (in the septal wall)
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15
Q

_____________________is on the orbital (ventral) surface of the prefrontal cortex; is topographically and functionally closely related to the medial part of the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.

A

Orbitofrontal cortex

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16
Q

The junction of the ventral parts of the caudate nucleus and the putamen (ventral striatum) lying next to the septal area is the ________________________.

A

nucleus of accumbens

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17
Q

__________________ is near the end of olfactory tract, base of striatum and globus pallidus, amygdala, nucleus of accumbens consisting of cholinergic neurons projecting to the entire neocortex.

A

Basal forebrain

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18
Q

What will happen in severe atrophy of the basal forebrain cholinergic system?

A

Parkinson’s disease

19
Q

Components of the hippocampus?

A
  1. subiculum
  2. dentate gyrus
  3. CA (conu ammonis)
  4. fornix
20
Q

The part of fornix running along the hippocampus is called ________.

A

fimbria

21
Q

The limbic lobe surrounds the ____________ and is surrounded by the _______________.

A

Diencephalon;

neocortex

22
Q

What functions are regulated by the limbic output to the basal ganglia?

A
  1. learned skill

2. instinctive actions (mating, eating, feeding)

23
Q

Other than the basal ganglia, limbic lobe also projects to?

A
  1. hypothalamus for autonomic and visceral functions

2. other cortical areas for memory, emotion and behaviour

24
Q

Describe the connections between limbic lobe and the hippocampus in memory formation.

A

Sensory association areas (esp temporal) and cingulate gyrus > entorhinal area > via perforant pathway > dentate gyrus of hippocampus > CA1,2,3 in schaffer collaterals.
> via fornix > neocortex storing long-term memory.

25
Q

The perforant pathway perforates the ________ on its ways to dentate gyrus.

A

subiculum

26
Q

Memory stored in hippocampus is ____________.

A

new and short-term

27
Q

Describe the Papez circuit .

A

entorhinal area > via perforant pathway > hippocampus > via fornix > mammillary body > via mammillothalamic tract > anterior nucleus of thalamus > via internal capsule > cingulate gyrus > via cingulum > entorhinal area

28
Q

___________ is the fiber tract beneath the cortex of cingulate gyrus.

A

Cingulum

29
Q

Conu ammonis

CA1 is affected in what patients?

A

Alzheimer’s dementia, epilepsy, ischemia

30
Q

Conu ammonis
CA2 is important in?
Lesion?

A 
Social cognition (remembering familial members);
damage will cause autism, schizophrenia
31
Q

Atrophy of ________________ can be seen in Korsakoff Sydrome.

A

mammillary body

32
Q

Symptoms of Korsakoff Syndrome (alcoholims)?

A
  1. loss of recent memory
  2. confusion
  3. hallucination
  4. confabulation, fabrication
33
Q

Hippocampus is connected to the hypothalamus and septal area via __________.

A

fornix

34
Q

Amygdala is connected to the hypothalamus and septal area via __________.

A

stria terminalis

35
Q

Septal nuclei connect with brain areas like ______________ involving in reward, and its major output is to _____________.

A

VTA, nucleus accumbens;

hypothalamus > affect autonomic and hormonal activities

36
Q

Activation of hippocampus glutamatergic projections to lateral septum exerts ____________effects on feeding.

A

anorexic

37
Q

Activation of hippocampus ______________ projections to lateral septum exerts anorexic effects on feeding.

A

glutamatergic

38
Q

Amygdala is involved in response to stimuli with emotional significance (fear, pain).
Afferents?

A

sensory association and insular areas

39
Q

Efferents of amygdala?

A
  1. orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices (complex behaviours)
  2. anterior cingulate gyrus (unpleasantness of painful stimuli)
  3. striatum (selection of behaviour/movement)
  4. medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus
  5. hypothalamus
40
Q

In the __________ cortex, midline group of thalamic nucleus (reuniens nucleus) may inhibit the expression of fear.

A

medial prefrontal

41
Q

Lesion of _____________ may cause exaggeration of fear.

A

Reuniens nucleus (midline group of thalamic nucleus) in the medial prefrontal cortex

42
Q

What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A

Bilateral lesion of anterior temporal lobe including amygdala

43
Q

Which of the following are symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome?

A. Visual agnosia (cannot recognize familiar places and faces)
B. Altered dietary habits
C. Hyposexuality
D. Hyperorality (oral examination of all objects)
E. Docile behaviour
F. Expression of primitive behaviours

A

All except C - hypersexuality

44
Q

Symptoms of medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal amygdala areas lesions ?

A. Anxiety
B. Schizophrenia
C. Autism
D. Bipolar
E. Post-traumatic stress disorder
F. Phobia 
G. Depression
A

All except D

Signs and symptoms of Schizophrenia
§ Hallucinations
§ Delusions
§ Disorganized thinking (speech)
§ Movement disorders (agitation)
§ Reduced feelings of pleasure
	□ No emotional expression
	□ Depressed mood, irritability
	□ Reduced speaking, monotone
	□ Lack of motivation
        □Withdrawal from friends and family

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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