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Neuroanatomy > 37 Cerebral hemisphere 1 > Flashcards

37 Cerebral hemisphere 1 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ separates the frontal and parietal lobes.

A

Central sulcus

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2
Q

Name the main cortices in the frontal cortex from anterior to posterior.

A
  1. prefrontal association cortex
  2. premotor cortex
  3. primary motor cortex
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3
Q

Name the main cortices in the parietal lobe from anterior to posterior.

A
  1. primary somatosensory cortex

2. posterior parietal cortex

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4
Q

Name important structures in the occipital lobe.

A

Primary visual cortex, associated visual areas

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5
Q

Name the important structures in the temporal lobe.

A

Primary auditory areas, associated auditory areas

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6
Q

List 3 association cortices.

What is the main function of association cortices?

A
  1. Limbic cortex
  2. Parietal-temporal-occipital cortex
  3. Prefrontal cortex
  • store old information, process new and old information to make a new decision
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7
Q

Afferents and efferents of prefrontal cortex?

A

Afferents:

  1. parietal-temporal-occipital cortex
  2. high-order sensory cortex

Efferents

  1. parietal-temporal-occipital cortex
  2. premotor cortex
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8
Q

Name the 6 layers of the cortex covered by pia mater.

A

Layer 1-3: association/ commissural layers
Layer 4: afferent layer
Layer 5-6: efferent layers

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9
Q

What is the afferents of layer 4 sensory cortex?

A

inputs from ventral posterior thalamic neuron

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10
Q

What is the flow of information from layer 4 ?

A

Layer 4 > synapse with stellate cells > layers 2 and 3 > layer 1 + some associated fibers (AF)

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11
Q

In sensory cortex, layer __ is/are very thick.

In motor cortex, layer ____is/are very thick.

A

4;

5 & 6

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12
Q

Where is the thickest areas in the brain?

A

Limbic system in Temporal cortex

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13
Q

Briefly describe the flow of vision from the retina to the primary visual cortex.

A

Nasal retina > contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus;
Temporal retina > Ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus
(thalamus)
> optic radiation > primary visual cortex

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14
Q

Name the long association fibers tracts.

A
  1. Superior longitudinal fasciculus
  2. Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
  3. Uncinate fasciculus
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15
Q

Occipital cortex to frontal cortex is connected by the ____________, which is responsible for ______________ in our brain.

A

arcuate fasciculus;

language processing

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16
Q

The anterior limb of IC is surrounded by?

A

lateral: GP + putamen
medial: head of caudate nucleus

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17
Q

The posterior limb of IC is surrounded by ?

A

lateral: GP + putamen
medial: thalamus

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18
Q

What fibers are present at the posterior limb of IC? Lesion of which artery is related?

A 
Corticospinal fibers (+ corticopontine) at posterior limb;
middle cerebral artery (lateral striae: both anterior and posterior limb) +  anterior choroidal artery
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19
Q

What fibers are present at the anterior limb of IC? Lesion of which artery is related?

A

Cortico-oculumotor fibers (+corticopontine)

supplied by medial striate artery from anterior cerebral artery

20
Q

What fibers are present at the genu of IC? Lesion of which artery is related?

A

Corticonuclei/ corticobulbar fibers;

supplied by middle cerebral artery; lesion > UMNL

21
Q

Area 4 is the?

A

Precentral gyrus, Primary motor area

22
Q

Afferents of area 4?

A
  • somatosensory cortex,
  • cerebellum,
  • premotor cortex,
  • supplementary motor area (corpus striatum)
23
Q

Efferents of area 4?

A

corticospinal tract (80%)
corticostriate pathway
corticobulbar tract (CN motor nuclei)
corticothalamic tract

24
Q

Face and hand have greater areas in the cortices because?

A

They are areas requiring larger number of muscles/ more neurons to produce muscle movements

25
Q

Area 6 is?

Where is its location?

A

Supplementary motor areas (medial surface) and premotor area (lateral surface)
- anterior to area 4

26
Q

Function of supplementary motor area?

Lesion? (ipsilateral/bilateral)

A

Initiate movement ;
Ipsilateral lesion: akinesia: difficulty in initiating movement;
Bilateral lesion: total skinesia: total lack of initiation, muscle tone maintained

27
Q

Afferents and efferents of supplementary motor area?

A

Afferents: prefrontal cortex, basal ganglion (via VL), contralateral supplementary motor area
Efferents: primary motor area, corticospinal tract

28
Q

Function of premotor area?

A

contain motor programmes, motor routines

29
Q

Afferents (under control of?) and efferents of premotor area?

A

Afferents: prefrontal cortex, basal ganglion (via VL), posterior parietal cortex (area 7, visual)

Efferents: primary motor cortex, RF, corticospinal tract

30
Q

Area 8 is? Main function?

A

Frontal eye field (in front of premotor area);

voluntary saccadic eye movement towards opp hemi-visual field.

31
Q

Route of area 8.

A

FEF > PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation) > contralateral CN3 and ipsilateral CN6

32
Q

What is area 1,2,3a, b?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

33
Q

What is area 5?

A

Somatosensory association cortex

34
Q

Posterior parietal cortex is area ____.

A

7

35
Q

What is stereognosis? Which brain parts are involved?

A

Ability to recognize 3D object with one’s hand;
dorsal column > relayes to VPLN > primary somatosensory cortex > somtatosensory association cortex > able to form picture of what u are holding

36
Q

Posterior parietal cortex is the ______________center in the brain to external stimuli.
What is the neural route in searching objects of interest?

A

Attention;
object at contralateral visual hemifield > activate cell columns in posterior parietal cortex > increase resting firing rate and cell columns in frontal eye field and premotor cortex > saccadic eye movements and reaching movements

37
Q

Hemineglect is caused by?

A
  1. Lesion of posterior parietal cortex especially on the RIGHT > contralateral visual neglect, delayed and inaccurate saccades and reaching movements;
  2. Lesion of the inferior parietal lobule > ignore opposite side of body unless attention is drawn to it
38
Q

Posterior parietal cortex is dominated in the ______ hemisphere.

A

right

39
Q

Inferior parietal lobule is area ______ and it is responsible for _______________.

A

40;

attention to internal environment

40
Q

Supramarginal gyrus is part of the?

A

Inferior parietal lobule

41
Q

_________________
contains a body schema, for awareness of existence and spatial relationships of body parts. Lesion of this area will cause?

A

Inferior parietal lobule (area 40);

Lesion: hemineglect, ignore the opposite side of the body unless attention is drawn to it

42
Q

Right hemisphere is for ________________ in vision.

A

recognition of spatial relationships

43
Q

Left hemisphere is for ________________ in vision.

A

recognition of visual details

44
Q

Area 39 is?

Main function?

A

Angular gyrus;

initiates learned movements of some complexity

45
Q

Connections of the angular gyrus?

A
  1. premotor area
  2. prefrontal cortex
  3. motor cortex
46
Q

Angular gyrus is dominant on the _______ side. Lesion will cause?

A

Left;

Ideomotor apraxia - failure to perform a learned movement on request.

47
Q

Angular gyrus is at the _________lobe, and it sends information to the premotor areas via _______________fasciculus.

A

parietal;

superior longitudinal

Neuroanatomy (20 decks)

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