41 Cerebellum Flashcards
The cerebellum is divided into 2 prismatic hemispheres and a middle disc called the __________.
Vermis
Folds between fissures in the cerebellum are called _______.
Folia (smallest folds between fissures)
What are the 3 important fissures of the cerebellum?
- Primary fissure
- Horizontal fissure
- Posterolateral fissure
_________ is located in front of the posterolateral fissure.
Nodulus
________ is the most rostral vermal lobule.
Lingula
_______ is the most caudal vermal lobule.
Nodulus
What is the clinical importance of the tonsils of the cerebellum?
Pressure from above compressing the cerebellum may cause protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum and thus press against vital centers of the medulla
The lingula is attached to the ________________.
Superior velum
The inferior velum contains as the _______ of the 4th ventricle.
roof
What is the choroid plexus?
The highly vascularized and folded part of the roof of the 4th ventricle
Which of the following is false?
A. the primary fissure separates the cerebellum into the anterior and posterior lobes
B. the horizontal fissure separates the posterior lobe and the flocculonodular lobe
C. The vermis is the central part of the cerebellum.
B: should be posterolateral fissure
Cerebellar cortex belongs to gray/white matter.
Gray matter
List all the cerebellar nuclei.
DEGF (from lateral to medial)
- dentate nucleus
- emboliform nucleus
- globose nucleus
- fastigial nucleus
Describe the dorsal spinocerebellar tract.
From muscle spindle, tendon organ, touch and joint receptors
>
Clarke’s nucleus > DSCT //
accessory cuneate nucleus > cuneocerebellar tract
>
cerebellum
Describe the ventral spinocerebellar tract.
From muscle spindle, tendon organ, pressure, pain
>
L segments > contralateral VSCT > superior cerebellar peduncle //
upper limb: rostural spinocerebellar tract > superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles
>
cerebellum
Other than ____________ and ___________ fibers, cerebellar inputs come from the ipsilateral side.
pontocerebellar;
olivocerebellar fibers
Describe the pontocerebellar afferents.
Cerebral cortex > corticopontine fibers > pontine nucleus > pontocerebellar fibers > contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle
Describe the olivocerebellar afferents.
Cerebral cortex, red nucleus (descending) and spinal cord (ascending) > inferior olivary nucleus > olivocerebellar fibers > contralateral inferior cerebellar peduncle
Other than the inferior olivary nucleus, list structures that project to the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
- accessory nucleus
- reticular formation
- trigeminal nucleus
- DSCT
- CN8 nucleus
Efferents of cerebellum?
- Vestibular nuclei
- Reticular formation
- Thalamus (ventral lateral nucleus) and red nucleus
What is the function of cerebellar projections to the vestibular nucleus and reticular formation?
- ascending part of MLF interconnects CN3,4,6 nuclei
- medial and lateral vestibulospinal tracts facilitate motor neurons of antigravity muscles
Cerebellar output from one side eventually influences motor activities on the ipsilateral/contralateral side.
Ipsilateral side
Climbing fibers from __________________ are one of the main fibers to the cerebellum. With their powerful synapses of Purkinje cells, it modulate the effect of mossy fibers and produce long term changes in Purkinje cell properties.
inferior olivary nucleus
What is the involvement of cerebellum in output?
intention to make movement: cortex
>
compare intended and actual movement: cerebellum
>
changes in cerebellar output, timing of output
Main functions of cerebellum
- Adjust, moment by moment, contraction of muscles
- Control posture, balance, eye movement, speech
- Motor learning
Anterior lobe
Phylogeny?
Connection?
Function?
PS
Paleocerebellum;
Spinocerebellum;
compare actual movement and expected
Posterior lobe
Phylogeny?
Connection?
Function?
NP
Neocerebellum;
Pontocerebellum;
intended skilled movement, planning
FN lobe
Phylogeny?
Connection?
AV
Archicerebellum;
Vestibulocerebellum
Which zone(s) correspond strongly to anterior lobe?
Midline and paramedian zones
weakly with posterior lobe
Which zone(s) correspond strongly to posterior lobe?
lateral zone
FN lobe belongs to which zone?
FN lobe
same name
Main functions of the lateral zone?
because it is related to posterior lobe > “NP” = neocerebellum and pontocerebellum,
> intended skilled movement and planning (coordination)
Main functions of the midline and paramedian zones?
Anterior lobe = PS = paleocerebellum = spinocerebellum = compare actual and intended movement for execution of movement
(+ equilibrium and eye movement)
Main functions of FN lobe?
Lesion?
Equilibrium, eye movement;
unsteady posture and gait, nystagmus
Lesion of the anterior/ posterior lobes?
incoordination of voluntary movements
