4.4 Cofactors, Coenzymes and Prosthetic Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

What are cofactors?

A
  • a non-protein component which can help an enzyme to carry out is function
  • These can be obtained via diet; they are minerals
    (e. g. iron, zinc, calcium, chloride and zinc ions)
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2
Q

What are coenzymes?

A
  • organic molecules which help the enzyme to carry out its function (organic cofactors)
  • these are derived from vitamins
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3
Q

What are prosthetic groups?

A
  • cofactors which bind permanently to the enzyme

- (cofactors & coenzyme = temporary, prosthetic = permanent)

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4
Q

What are precursor enzymes?

A
  • Enzymes which are initially inactive
  • These enzymes are usually enzymes which would cause damage to the cells that produce them if they were activated, or an enzyme which needs to be controlled after certain conditions
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5
Q

What is precursor activation?

A
  • The activation of a precursor enzyme

- this activation causes a change in the tertiary structure

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6
Q

What is an apoenzyme?

A

A precursor protein before activation

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7
Q

What is a haloenzyme?

A

A precursor enzyme after activation

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