3.2 Water Flashcards
What does the term ‘polar’ mean?
It means to have partial charge
What is a Hydrogen bond?
A bond between the partial negative charge of the Oxygen atom in one water molecule, and the partial negative charge of the hydrogen atom in another molecule
What are the properties of water?
Good solvent - because of its polarity
High specific heat capacity - a relatively large amount of energy is required to increase water temperature
High heat of vaporisation- additional energy is needed to change water from liquid is gas
Cohesion - Hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to be attaracted to each other and flow together
Low density solid - the crystalline structure in ice is less dense than liquid
Why is waters polarity important?
Water transports dissolved solutes
Chemical reactions occur in water
Why is water’s high specific heat capacity important?
Because it provides thermal stability in aquatic environments and inside organisms
Why is cohesion in water important?
It is important in water movement up xylem vessels
It provides surface tension - small organisms can move on the water surface
Why is water having a low density solid important?
It provides an insulating layer for aquatic habitats in cold climates
The ice surface provides a habitat for some organisms
What does glucose + glucose produce?
Maltose
What does glucose + galactose produce?
Lactose
What does Glucose + fructose produce?
Sucrose
How are dissaccharides produced?
Two monosaccharides can react together to form a dissaccharide. This reaction is a condensation reaction because it produces water. A glycosidic bid forms between the two monosaccharides
What are polysaccharides?
Long carbohydrate molecules (polymers) formed when many monosaccharides bond together in condensation reactions
What are the characteristics of glycogen?
Monomer: alpha glucose
Type of glycosidic bond : 1,4 and 1,6 links
Branching: yes
Helical: yes
Function: carbohydrate in animals
Properties that suit function : insoluble, compact due to branching, the number of points at which glucose can be released through hydrolysis is increased by branching
What are the two types of starch?
Amylose
Amylopectin
What are the characteristics of amylose?
Monomer: alpha glucose Type of glycosidic bonds: 1,4 links Branching: No Helical: yes Function: carbohydrate storage in plants Properties that suit function: insoluble, compact because of helices
