Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio > 4.3 classification and evolution > Flashcards

4.3 classification and evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

taxonomy

A

practice of biologoical classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

taxonomy is based off…

A

EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

order of taxonomic ranks

A

domain
kingdom
phylum
clas
order
family
genus
species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 domains

A
  • eukarya
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • b and a are both prokaryotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

binomial name

A

Genus species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

advantage of binomial

A
  • universaly identified
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

archaea vs bacteria

A
  • membrane lipids different (bacteria = ester lipds, archaea = ether lipids)
  • archaea no peptidoglyca
  • DNA associated with histones in archaea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

5 kingdoms

A
  • prokaryota
  • protoctista
  • animalia
  • fungi
  • plantae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prokaryota features

A
  • unicellylar
  • cell wall
  • NO NUC OR MIT
  • divide by binary fission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

protoctista features

A
  • eukaryotes
  • membrane bound organelle
  • 80s ribosome
  • AUTO OR HETERO
  • MOST unicellular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fungi features

A
  • saprophytes
  • chitin cell wall
  • eukaryotes
  • uni and multi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

advantage of classificaion

A
  • convenience
  • easier to identify orgs
  • see relationships between species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

waht can we use instead of phenotypes

A

CYTOCHROME C
DNA similarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cytochrome c

A
  • in all orgs that respire
  • but compare amino acid chain in different organisms, the more similar the more closely related
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

phylogeny

A

study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
(eg common ancestor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

darwin observations

A
  • variation between members of same species on different islands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

interspecific variation

A

differences between different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intraspecific variation

A

differences between organisms in the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

continuous variation

A

can take any value
eg
height
leaf length
USE A HISTOGRAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

discrete variation

A
  • takes set valued
  • eg
  • Sex
  • blood group
  • BAR CHART
21
Q

2 causes of variation

A

environmental
genetic

22
Q

low standrad deviation

A
  • narrow range
  • points grouped close to the mean
  • GOOD RELIABILITY
23
Q

degrees of freedom for t test

A

sample size - number of data sets

24
Q

tpyes of adaptations

A

anatomical (structurak)
behavioural (eg hibernation)
physiological (eg poison)

25
Q

probelm of pesticides

A

accumulation in food chain

26
Q

2 ways to prove same species

A
  • cytochrome C similar sequence
  • breed to produc fertile offspring
27
Q

if you have pictures, dont compare

A

SIZE
- no scale given
- so no accurate comparison can be made
- you can however compare things relatively

28
Q

the taxons refers to

A

PHYLOGENY classification

29
Q

the creation of an organism with an artificial genome is known as

A

synthetic biology

30
Q

advantages of binomial naming (3)

A
  1. universal
  2. shows which genus and species
  3. diff languages have diff common name for same organism
31
Q

genetic material in prokaryote

A
  • naked; not associated with histones
  • circular loops
  • plasmids
32
Q

which kingdom are algae

A
  • PROTOCISTA
33
Q

2 WAYS to validate scientific research

A
  1. peer review
  2. replicate study
34
Q

explain how sceintists are able to estimate the age of extinct organisms (2)

A
  1. fossils
  2. the deeper the older
35
Q

if 2 organisms have a feature eg wings, does this show relation?

A
  • no as classification is based on phylogeny
  • could have evolved wings on multiple occasions
36
Q

bottle neck (2)

A
  • population drops so many alleles lost
  • population descended from the few surviors
37
Q

describe role of wallace (3)

A
  • simi;ar ideas to darwin
  • arrived at same conclusion independently
  • published paper toegether
38
Q

how to use DNA for phylogeny

A
  • compare
  • the more similar the more closely related
39
Q

contunous variation is typically caused by …

A
  • MANY GENES
  • genes and environment
40
Q

3 plant defenses against attackers

A
  • chemicals
  • folding
  • stings
41
Q

when discussing mutatin variation natural selection of a phenotype, which genes is the mutation in?

A
  • REGULATORY genes
  • these cnotrol the expression of other genes by switching on and off others; coding for transcription factors
  • eg gene for pigment so colour
42
Q

if you’re in water do you have a waxy cuticle

A

NO
- no need to prevent wate rloss
- wax production wastes energy

43
Q

how could 2 different species completely evolve to have a similar feature?

A
  • similar lifestyle
  • similar selection pressure
  • similar advantageous sruvival etc
44
Q

importance of nitrogen fertiliser

A
  • yield falls over time without
  • fertiliser REPLACES LOST NITROGEN
  • required for amino acids
  • Nitrogen absorbed by plants
45
Q

important consideration in seed banks (4)

A
  • take species from different locations
  • maintain geographic variation
  • increase gene pool
  • reduced chance of interbreeding
46
Q

advantages of seed bank over plants

A
  • most platns produce excess seeds
  • SO can be collected without damaging plants
  • take up little space
  • so can store large numbers
  • remain viable for long periods
47
Q

why might reductionin biodiversity be bad for AGRICULTURE in future

A
  • loss of genetic diversity (reduced gene pool)
  • agricultural needs change over time so allele may have been useful
  • eg for disease resistance
48
Q

why can fertiliser be bad for diversity

A
  • promotes growth of ONE plant
  • others are outcompeted
  • disrupts food chains
49
Q
A

bio (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions