4.1.2 - Cognitive Interview Flashcards
What is the purpose of CI
To improve the process of EWT
Two principles that ci is based on
ORGANISATION - the way the memory is organized means memories can be accessed in a number of ways
·A series of actions can help eg: re-thinking the events that occurred before the memory you want to
retrieve (first I did this, then, did that, then I made this… until you reach the memory you
are struggling to access.
CUE - DEPENDENCY - memories are cue-dependent: they use situational and emotional cues present during the original encoding.
4 techniques that CI uses
- Reinstate the context
- change of narrative order
- change perspective
- report everything.
Explain reinstate the context
↳ help the interviewees go back in their
mind to the context in which they encoded
the memory. (mentally or physically)
Explain changing the narrative order
↳ changing the order in which events
are recalled can be very benificial as
It ensures that details are not shipped
and gaps can be filled
Explain report everything
↳ You are required 10 report back
any information about the event that
you can remember; even if A
does not seem to have a bearing
on the crime
Explain change of perspective
-> you are asked to describe the incident
from the perspective of other people who
were present at the time
What are the cue dependent preventing techniques
Report everything
Reinstate the context
How does preventing the cue dependent techniques work
· They work by the principles of cre-dependent forgetting. By recalling everything,
even things like smells in the air and small details. Even these tiny details
could trigger (cue) more info. Similarly, making them go back in their
Minds.
· Reinstating the context can trigger both internal and external cres.
What techniques reduce the effect of the schema
Change of order
Change of perspective
How is the effect of the schema reduced effectively
· try to reduce the impact of Schema as the witness is less likely
to depend on their expectations and remember things actually as
they were
What is the enhanced cognitive interview
An amended version of the CI uses all techniques plus extra techniques: eye contact / Nvis training and building a trusting relationship between
interviewer and witness; these improves the communication between the two
- proposed by fisher and geiselman
What was the research that compared CI to ECI
Coker (2013 )
Explain findings of Coker (2013)
· tel produced more accurate detail compared to Cl
· especially for personal details of people, greatest effect if eci was one week
after the event
· so concluded that timing is vital to effectiveness of eci.
ECI A03: kohnken meta analysis
Supports effectiveness of the eci when compared to. Standard interview
- increase by 53% in correct info that was recalled
HOWEVER
- there was also an increase in incorrect info that was recalled, so eci and ci increase the overall quantity but not necessarily the quantity
