40: Drugs for Hypo/Hyperkalemia

Question 1

what keeps ICF/ECF Na and K concentrations in check?

Answer 1

Na/K ATPase

Question 2

what is the most important regulator for rapid redistribution of K+ in the ICF/ECF?

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

eight things that cause K to exit cells

Answer 3

1. a-agonists (NE, epi)
2. insulin deficiency
3. aldosterone
4. B2-blockers
5. acidosis
6. hyperosmolality
7. exercise
8. cell lysis

Question 4

six things that bring K into the cells

Answer 4

1. insulin**
2. B2-agonists
3. aldosterone deficiency
4. alpha blockers
5. alkalosis
6. hypo-osmolarity

Question 5

non-organic vs organic acidosis effect on K shift

Answer 5

non-organic acidosis causes K to leave cells, but organic acidosis does not affect K

Question 6

is hyperkalemia associated with alkalosis or acidosis?

Answer 6

acidosis

Question 7

five things that influence K reabsorption in the nephron

Answer 7

1. plasma K
2. aldosterone
3. ADH
4. acid-base balance
5. tubular flow rate

Question 8

hyperkalemia vs hypokalemia cause tachy vs bradycardia?

Answer 8

1. hyperkalemia -> brady

2. hypokalemia -> tachy

Question 9

examples of herbal diuretics

Answer 9

chicory, dandelion leaves, fennel, hops, marshmallow, parlsey, saffron, sage, St. John’s wort

Question 10

licorice

Answer 10

contains glycyrrhizic acid -> increases aldosterone effect on kidney -> dose-dependent increase in systolic BP