38: Acid Base Disorders Flashcards
arterial pH range
7.35-7.45
intracellular pH range
7.0 - 7.3
most important extracellular buffer system
bicarbonate
two main organs that regulate the bicarb buffer system/ body acidity
lungs, kidneys
how many acid-base disturbances can be present at once?
three (bc its not possible to breathe too fast and too slow)
when do you need to calculate anion gap?
metabolic acidosis
what do you need to calculate if pt has metabolic acidosis + hypoalbuminemia?
corrected anion gap
two extra calculations to do if HAGMA is present
osmolar gap, delta-delta gap
if compensation for an acidosis/alkalosis is inappropriate, what is present?
mixed acid-base disorder
normal pCO2 range
35-45 mmHg
normal HCO3 range
22-26 mEq/L
normal anion gap and osmolality gap ranges
- anion gap: 5-16
2. osmolality gap: 10-15
normal serum N and K ranges
- Na: 135 - 148
2. K: 3.5 - 4.5
major reason to calculate anion gap
determine if metabolic acidosis is HAGMA or NAGMA
three major reasons to calculate osmolar gap
- screen for alcohol ingestions
- screen for ketoacidosis
- screen for lactic acidosis
things that can cause increased osmolar gap
methanol, ethanol, diethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol
Renal Tubular Acisosi
condition where net acid excretion by kidneys is impaired
acidosis and alkalosis; associated with hyper and hypokalemia
acidosis hyperkalemia
alkalosis hypokalemia
what causes the correlation between acidosis and hyperkalemia?
transcellular shift of cations H and K into and out of cells to maintain electroneutrality (more H into cells -> more K exits and vice versa)
overarching cause of respiratory acidosis vs alkalosis
- acidosis: anything that lowers RR or tidal volume, decreases dead space, or obstructs airway
- alkalosis: anything that increases RR or tidal volume
