4 Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards
brain and the spinal cord
central nervous system
nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system is the _________
consists of axons conveying messages from sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles
somatic nervous system
controls the heart, intestines, and other organs
consists of:
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
network of nerves that prepare organs for vigorous activity
“fight or flight”
use norpinephrine
sympathetic nervous system
facilitates vegetative, nonemergency responses
release acetylcholine
parasympathetic nervous system
consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
hindbrain
enlarged extension of spinal cord, controls come vital reflexes through cranial nerve
medulla
contributes to control of movement, balance and coordination
helps shift attention back and forth between auditory and visual stimuli
cerebellum
brains three major divisions
hindbrain,midbrain, forebrain
consists of left and right hemispheres
outer portion is the cerebral cortex
forebrain
interlinked structures that form border around brainstem
important for motivations and emotions
consists of olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingrulate gyrus of cerebral cortex
limbic system
consists of thalamus and hypothalamus
diencephalon
most sensory goes here first, its processed and sent to cerebral cortex
except smell
thalamus
has widespread connections with rest of forebrain and the midbrain
conveys messages to pituitary gland, altering its release of hormones
hypothalamus
responsible for planning sequences of behavior and for certain aspects of memory and emotional expressions
basal ganglia
plays key role in arousal, wakefulness, and attention
receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylocholine to widespread areas in cerebral cortex
basal forebrain
critical fro learning and memory, especially for new memories
hippocampus
four lobes
parietal, frontal, occiptial, temporal
located at posterior end of cortex
contains primary visual cortex
occipital lobe
contains primary somatosensory cortex
main target for touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors
parietal lobe
primary target for auditory information
temporal lobe
contains primary motor cortex and prefrontal cortex
frontal lobe
abstract planning and thinking
working memory
prefrontal cortex
examine the _______ of brain damage
examine the effects of _______ some brain area
______ brain activity during behavior
correlate brain _____with behavior
effects, stimulating, record, anatomy
