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Physiological Psych > 1 The Major Issues > Flashcards

1 The Major Issues Flashcards

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1
Q

The belief that he universe consist of only one kind of substance

The mind and body are one

A

Monism

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2
Q

Related a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs

Physical

A

Physiological explanation

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3
Q

Describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions

Learned behaviors

A

Ontogenetic behaviors

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4
Q

Reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior

Goosebumps

A

Evolutionary explanation

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5
Q

Describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did

A

Functional explanation

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6
Q

PhD in biology, psy, neuroscience, or related field.

University position combining teaching and research. Other laboratory positions (government, private industry)

A

Research career opt.

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7
Q

Clinical psy, counseling psy, school psy, specialized medicine, allied medical practices

A

Therapy

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8
Q

Units of hereditary that maintain their structure identity from one generation to another

A

Genes

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9
Q

Demonstrated that inheritance depends on genes

A

Gregor Mendel

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10
Q

Genes exist in

A

Pairs

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11
Q

Aligned along _____ that also come in pairs

A

Chromosomes

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12
Q

Strands of genes composed of deoxyribonucleic (DNA)

A

Chromosomes

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13
Q

DNA provides the template for synthesis of _____

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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14
Q

4 “bases” of DNA

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Guanine
  3. Cytosine
  4. Thymine
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15
Q

Order of the 4 bases determines order of corresponding bases along and ___ _______

A

RNA molecule

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16
Q

Bases on RNA

A
  1. Adenine
  2. Guanine
  3. Cytosine
  4. Uracil
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17
Q

Order of bases along RNA molecule I’m turn determines order of ______ _____ that compose a protein

A

Amino acids

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18
Q

Biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body

A

Enzymes

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19
Q

Identical pair of genes on the chromosomes

A

Homozygous

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20
Q

Unmatched pair of genes

Ex: you might have a gene for blue eyes on one chromosome & gene for brown eyes on the other

A

Heterozygous

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21
Q

Genes are ____, _____, or _____

A

Dominant, recessive, or intermediate

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22
Q

Shows a strong affect in either homozygous or heterozygous conditions
Ex: ability to taste PTC

A

Dominant gene

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23
Q

Shows its effect only in the homozygous condition

Ex: low taste sensitivity to PTC

A

Recessive gene

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24
Q

T/F

If you have a gene for a trait, it always produces that outcome

A

False

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25
Q

T/F

A single gene completely controls a characteristic ex: eye color

A

False

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26
Q

Genes located on the sex chromosomes

A

Sex linked genes

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27
Q

All other chromosomes that are not the X, Y chromosome

A

Autosomal chromosomes and genes

28
Q

Genes that are present in both sexes, but active mainly in one sex
Ex: chest hair in men; breast size in women

A

Sex-limited genes

29
Q

Has genes for 27 protiens

A

Y

30
Q

Has genes for approx. 1500 protiens

A

X

31
Q

Heritable change in a DNA molecule

A

Mutation

32
Q

Are mutations advantageous?

A

Rarely, but important

Chimpanzees & humans

33
Q

Another kind of mutation is _______ or _______
Twice or not at all
Schizophrenia may be a result of this

A

Microduplication or microdeletion

34
Q

Deals with changes in gene expression without modification of DNA sequence

A

Epigenetics

35
Q

A gene may be present in every cell of the body, but:

A

Might be active only in certain types of cells, at a particular time of life

36
Q

histones to loosen their grip on the DNA

A

Turns the gene on

37
Q

Removal of acetyl group causes histones to tighten their grip on the DNA

A

Turns the gene off

38
Q 
Tight     =    \_\_\_\_
Loose   =    \_\_\_\_
A

Off

On

39
Q

What you do at any moment not only affects you now, but also produces epigenetic effects that alter gene expression for longer periods of time

A

Experiences alter the activity of genes

40
Q

Which is more important, hereditary or environment?

A

Almost all behaviors have both a genetic component & an environment component

41
Q

Development from one egg; identical twins

A

Monozygotic twins

42
Q

Developed from two eggs; fraternal twins

A

Dizygotic twins

43
Q

Degree to which variations in some characteristic depend on genetic differences

A

Heritability

44
Q

The belief that the mind and brain are different kinds of substance and exist independently

A

Dualism

45
Q

How common is heritability of behavior

A

In almost every behavior

46
Q

Genetic inability to metabolize the amino acid

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

47
Q

A hereditary condition, but environmental interventions can modify it

A

Phenylalanine

48
Q

How genes affect behavior?

A

Behaviors are not directly caused by genes

49
Q

Genes can alter your environment by producing behaviors or traits that alter how people in your environment react or you
Modify your personality

A

Indirect

50
Q

Change over generations in the frequencies of various genes in a population

A

Evolution

51
Q

Mutation of genes occasionally introduce new heritable variations
In example:

A

White moths to dark moths

52
Q

Choosing individuals with a desires trait and using them as parents for the next generation

A

Artificial selection

53
Q

Nature selects & successful individuals’ genes will be prevalent in later generations
Survival advantage

A

Darwin’s insight

54
Q

T/F
Lamarckian evolution- Use or disuse of a structure or behavior can cause an evolutionary increase or decrease in that feature (inheritance of acquires characteristics

A

False

55
Q

T/F

Evolution means improvement

A

False

56
Q

Does evolution benefit the individual or the species?

A

Neither the genes are benefited

57
Q

T/F

Humans are no longer subject to evolution

A

False

58
Q

Deals with how behaviors evolved, especially social behaviors

A

Evolutionary psychology

59
Q

Peripheral/color vision, sleep mechanisms in the brain, eating habits, temperature regulation are examples of

A

Evolutionary psychology

60
Q

An action that benefits someone other than the actor

A

Altruistic behavior

61
Q

Idea that individuals help those who will return the favor

A

Reciprocal altruism

62
Q

Underlying mechanisms of behavior are similar across species. Sometimes it is easier to study a nonhuman species

A

Reasons for animal research

63
Q

T/F

We are interested in animals for their own sake

A

True

64
Q

T/F

What we learn about animals sheds light on humans

A

True

65
Q

No, no matter what

A

Abolitionist

66
Q

Measures benefits vs. amount of stress

A

Justification

67
Q

3 R’s

A

Reduction
Replacement
Refinement

Physiological Psych (12 decks)

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