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Physiological Psych > 15 Mood Disorders > Flashcards

15 Mood Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

mental illness results from the combination of _____________ and ___________

A

biological predispositions and experieces

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2
Q

absence of _______ is more reliable symptom than increased sadness

A

happiness

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3
Q

people with 2 short forms of the genes, increasing numbers of stressful experience led to big _______ in probability of depression

A

increase

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4
Q

2 long forms stressful events ______ increased risk

A

hardly

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5
Q

link between gene and stress?

A

no, need more studies

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6
Q

viral infection of farm animals, which produces periods of frantic activity alternating with periods of inactivity

A

Borna disease

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7
Q

what does Borna disease illustrate

A

that many different causes can lead to similar behavioral results

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8
Q

types of antidepressants

A

tricyclics, SSRIs, MAOIs, atypical antidepressnts

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9
Q

operate by blocking transporter proteins that reabsorb, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, into the presynaptic neuron after their release

keeps the neurtransmitter in the postsynaptic neurons

A

tricyclics

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10
Q

side effects of ______

drowsiness, dry mouth, difficulties with urination, and heart irregularites

A

tricyclics

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11
Q

similar to tricyclics

produce milder effects than tricyclics but about the same in effectiveness

A

selective serotonin reuptate inhibitors (SSRIs)

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12
Q

block the enzyme MAO, a presynpatic terminal enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms

A

MAOIs

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13
Q

when MAOIs block enzyme, presynpatic terminal has more of its _____ available fore release

A

transmitter

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14
Q

block reuptake of serotonin- prolongs presence of serotonin in the ______ cleft, where it continues to stimulate the _______ cell

A

presynaptic, postsynaptic

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15
Q

inhibits reuptake of dopamine but not serotonin

A

bupropion (Wellbutrin)

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16
Q

people with depression have approximately ______ levels of release of neurotransmitters

A

normal

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17
Q

antidepressant drugs produce effects with in hours, but mood elevation does not occur for ____ weeks

A

two or more

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18
Q

most people with depression have lower than average levels of:

A

brain derived neurptropic factor (BDNF)

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19
Q

BDNF is important for synaptic plasticity, ______ and _________ of new neurons in hippocampus

A

learning, and proliferation

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20
Q

most people with depression have _______ than average hippocampus

A

smaller

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21
Q

T/F BDNF by itself does not automatically elevate mood

A

true

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22
Q

do antidepressants elevate mood in normal people?

A

no, only people with depression

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23
Q

effectiveness of antidepressants is

A

limited

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24
Q

drugs or psychotherapy

dysthymia- long term depression

A

drugs

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25
Q

drugs or psychotherapy

patients who have suffered abuse, negelect, or other trauma, during early childhood

A

drugs ineffective

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26
Q

psychotherapy is more likely to have long-term benefits because it

A

reduced likelihood of a relapse at the end of treatment

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27
Q

electrically induced seizure

A

electroconvulsive therapy

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28
Q

T/F most people with depression fall asleep but awaken early and are unable to get back to sleep

A

true

29
Q

people with depression have ____ than average number of eye movement per minute during REM sleep

A

more than average

30
Q

people vary between normality and depression

A

unipolar depression

31
Q

people alternate between depression and mania

A

bipolar depression

32
Q

characterized by restless activity, excitement, laughter, self-confidence, rambling speech, and loss of inhibitions

A

maina

33
Q

during mania, use of ______increases in brain, during depression it decreases

A

glucose

34
Q

people with full blow episodes of mania

A

Bipolar I disorder

35
Q

people have milder maniac phases (hypomania), which are characterized mostly by agitation or anxiety

A

Bipolar II disorder

36
Q

attention deficits, poor impulse control, impairments of verbal memory are effects of

A

bipolar disorder

37
Q

T/F antidepressants drugs are appropriate treatments for bipolar disorder

A

false, antidepressants drugs are not appropriate treatments for bipolar disorder

38
Q

common treatment for bipolar disorder:

A

lithium salts

39
Q

stabilize mood, preventing relapse into either mania or depression

A

lithium

40
Q

decrease the number of glutamate receptors in hippocampus

A

valproate (Depakene)

41
Q

excessive ________activity is responsible for some aspects of mania

A

glutamate

42
Q

depression that recurs during a particular season

A

seasonal affective disorder

43
Q

patients with SAD have phase-______ sleep temperature rhythms

A

delayed

44
Q

treatments for SAD

A

very bright lights for an hour or more a day

45
Q

behaviors that are present that should be absent

hallucinations

A

positive symptoms

46
Q

behaviors that are absent that should be present

A

negative symptoms

47
Q

according to Andreason, schizophrenia is result from abnormal interactions between the _____, _______. and _______

A

cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum

48
Q

t/f schizophrenia has genetic basis but for not depend on any single gene

A

true

49
Q

controls production of dendritic spines and generation of new neurons in the hippocampus

A

DISCI

50
Q

hypothesis that schizophrenia is based on abnormalities in the prenatal or neonatal development of the nervous system

A

neurodeveolpmental hypothesis

51
Q

t/f if mother is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive the baby’s Rh-positive blood factor may trigger an immunological rejection by the mother

A

true

52
Q

parasite from cats that can infect humans and can impair brain development and lead to memory disorder, hallucinations, and delusions

A

toxoplasma gondi

53
Q

on average people with schizophrenia have ____ than average grey and white matter and ____ than average ventricles

A

less, larger

54
Q

strongest deficits in people with schizophrenia found in

A

left temporal and frontal areas of the cotrex

55
Q

thalamus is _____ than average in people with schizophrenia

A

smaller

56
Q

people with schizophrenia have deficits with

A

working memory and attention

57
Q

people with schizophrenia have ______ than normal activity in the left hemisphere

A

lower

58
Q

abnormalities are found ______ in development

disorder usually diagnosed after age

A

early, 20

59
Q

relieves positive symptoms for most patients

A

chlorpromazine (thorazine)

60
Q

drugs that rend to relieve schizophrenia and similar conditions

A

anti-psychotic or neuroleptic drugs

61
Q

holds that schizophrenia results from excess activity at dopamine synapse in certain brain areas

A

the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

62
Q

characterized by hallucinations and delusions

results from repeated doses of amphetamine, methamphetamin, cocaine, and LSD

A

substance-induced psychotic disorder

63
Q

the problem related in part to deficient activity at glutamate synapses, especially in prefrontal cortex

A

glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia

64
Q

in many brain areas, dopamine ______ glutamate release

A

inhibits

65
Q

drugs that block dopamine synapses produce their benefits by acting on neurons in the

A

mesolimbocortical system

66
Q

set of neurons that project from the midbrain tegmentum to the limbic system

A

mesolimbocortical system

67
Q

drugs also block dopamine neurons in the mesotriatal system, which projects to the basal ganglia results in:

involuntary movements and tremors

A

tardive dyskinesia

68
Q

schizophrenia is neither a one ____ disorder nor one ______disorder

A

gene, neurotransmitter

Physiological Psych (12 decks)

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