4 Flashcards
Bond that stabilizes DNA double helix?
H-bonds
Rules of H-bond formation between nucleic acid bases?
A — G
C — T(DNA)
U(RNA)
Main principles of interaction between strands of nucleic acids?
Complementary and antiparallelity
Denaturation of nucleic acids?
Breaking H-bond
Nucleotide and nucleoside?
Nucleoside = base + Pentose
Nucleotide = Nucleoside + phosphate
What is antiparallelity?
Direction of phosphodiester bond is opposite in the complementary strands of a double stranded nucleic acid
What is melting point of a DNA?
Temperature required to denature 50% of DNA
Hyperchromicity?
Increase in UV light absorption during denaturation
Purine and pyrimidine bases and locations?
Purines- A,G
Pyrimidine- C,T
DNA- A,G,C,T. RNA- A,G,C,U
Chemical to precipitate DNA?
Ethanol and TCA
Charge of nucleic acids at neutral pH?
Negative due to phosphate groups
Chemicals that cause DNA & RNA denaturation?
DNA- Alkaline solution, Urea
RNA- Formaldehyde
Difference between melting point of DNA of different species?
Difference between A+T/G+C ratio in the DNA
Ribozyme?
RNA that has catalytic activity
Acidic & Basic amino acid?
Acidic- Aspartic, Glutamic
Basic- Lysine
General structure of amino acid?
A central C atom attached to H-group, carboxyl(makes it acidic), amino group and side chain.
Structure of proteins?
Primary- order of amino acids
Secondary- alpha helix and beta sheet
Tertiary- domain functional unit
Proteins involved in folding of proteins in vivo?
Chaperone proteins
Proteins with quartenary structure?
Hemoglobin and Insulin
Effect of enzyme on activation energy of catalytic reactions?
Decrease
Proteome?
All proteins present in a cell
Carotenoids?
Beta carotene and Retinal
Steroid compounds?
Cholesterol(membrane component), testosterone, oestrogen
