10 Flashcards
Change, adding or delete of nucleotides during mRNA processing?
RNA editing
Example of consensus sequence?
TATA box
Role of mRNA and tRNA during translation?
mRNA: template
tRNA: adapter
Molecules and products in amino acid activation?
Molecules: Amino acid, ATP and aminoacyl-tRNA synthase
Products: aminoacyl- tRNA, AMP and pyrophosphate
Molecules double bind to 3 main loops and to 3’ end of tRNA?
Ribosome, mRNA and amino acid
Central dogma of molecular biology?
Direction of flow of information:
DNA — RNA — Proteins
Polycistronic mRNAs?
More than one ORF(open reading frame)
Start and end site of OPF?
Start: initiation condon
End: stop codon
Feature of genetic code meaning one amino acid could be coded by multiple codons?
Redundancy(degeneration)
Nucleotide of codon involved in wobble?
3rd nucleotide
Enzyme catalyzing peptide bonds formation?
Peptidyl transferase(ribozyme)
Found in large subunit of ribosome
The anticodon of a tRNA molecule is 5’-CAU-3’. What is the sequence of the corresponding codon of mRNA (5’ - - 3’)?
5’-AUG-3’
Antibiotics able to inhibit protein synthesis?
Erithromycin, tetracyclin, streptomycin
What is polysome made of?
mRNA and ribosomes
Direction of protein synthesis from the POV of mRNA and protein?
mRNA: 5’—3’
protein: N terminus — C terminus
3 repeated steps of the elongation of translation?
binding of aminoacyl-tRNA, peptidyl transferase reaction and translocation
Sedimentation constant of subunits and whole ribosome in prokaryotes?
Subunits: 30S and 50S
Whole ribosome: 70S
Sedimentation constant of subunits and whole ribosome in eukaryotes?
Subunits: 40S and 60S
Whole ribosome: 80S
Energy used in incorporation of one amino acid into newly synthesised proteins?
4 high energy bonds
Energy dependent processes in translation?
Amino acid activation, aminoacyl-tRNA binding, translocation
Constitutive gene expression?
Continuously expressing a certain gene at the same rate
DNA regions that build up a bacterial operon?
Promoter, operator, structural genes
