39 Flashcards
Body mass index calc
FFA mobilisation is restricted to 200 why
Albumin needed
Decreased diet intake
Biology does uncouple mitochondria - in brown fat
Features of brown fat
- special thermogenic tissue
- found in hibernating animals
- babies
- less in adults
- keeps hibernating animals and babies warm
- many mitochondria and fat droplets
- less triaglyceril fat droplets and more mito
Uncoupling protein (UCP)
- originally found in brown fat
- present in inner mitochondrial membrane
- UCPs are regulated proton channels in the membrane - holes
- ‘uncouple’ ATP syntheses from fatty acid oxidation
- electrochemical potential gradient dissipates, releasing heat
- therefore increases metabolic rate and burns excess fuels
Metabolic adaptions to cold in penguins
Diet induced thermogenesis
Are there uncouples in white adipose tissue? What do they do?
Yes
- they act to raise the metabolic rate and release heat to burn offf some excess energy and prevent obesity
- the tissue is called beige adipose tissue and its formed following exposure to cold
UCP burning off fat after baeiatric surgery
BAT (brown adipose tissue) orientated strategises to combat obesity “burn off excess fuel as heat
- stimulate existing BAT
- switch on brown fat differentiation and growth
- transplation of energneered bat
How to generate BAT
Stem cells giving rise to skeletal muscle were shown by the expression of a single transcription factor, they could be diverted into brown adipose
- expressing transcription factor in white adipose does the same thing
The more we understand about the transition from white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue, we will be able to stimulate stransition and burn of excess fat
Obesity genetic component
Yes
- environment and lifestyle factors too
Several genetic abuse rodents have defects in single genes
- become fat even tho eating same diet
Obese gene codes for
- leptin
- mutant obscene mouse doesn’t produce leptin
- hormone secreted from ‘fat’ fat cells
- leptin signals the brain to:
- decrese food intake
- increase energy expenditure
Therefore maintaining normal energy balance
- homozygous doesn’t produce leptin
Injecting leptin into obese mouse
Leptin receptor
- obesity is from absence of receptor not absence of hormone ?
Leptin in humans - where does it come from where is it receipted
Very obese child has no leptin
Most obese humans appear to be resisting to the…
Leptin signal
- not the hormone or receptor
Factors influencing the development of obesity
Potential molecular targets for anti obesity drugs
