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BIOC192 > 34 > Flashcards

34 Flashcards

1
Q

C,N and other elements for synthesis of…

A

Cell constituents

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2
Q

2 micro nutrients

A
  • vitamins
  • minerals
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3
Q

We break down triglycerides into

A

Fatty acids

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4
Q

Yappage

A

Small molecules are taken up into the cytosol of the cell and the energy in the chemical bonds is converted into new molecules that we can use to drive the processes in the body

There is a thiolester bond in the acetyl CoA that releases energy

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Can’t store ATP

A

Yo

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7
Q

Effects of alcohol involve…

A

….activation of the GABAA receptor

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8
Q

How does alcohol affect the nervous system?

A

by binding to the GABA A receptor

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9
Q

What is GABA?

A

GABA is γ-aminobutyrate, a neurotransmitter transmitter derived from glutamate

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10
Q

What is the GABA receptor ?

A

The GABAA receptor is a membrane bound ligand-gated chloride channel

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11
Q

What happens when the GABAA receptor is activated?

A
  • it selectively conducts Cl- ions causing an inhibitory effect on neurotransmission by reducing the chance of a successful action potential
  • Activation of the GABAA receptor damps down responses to other stimuli
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12
Q

What are the agonists of the GABAA receptor

A

Agonists include sedatives such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates as well as ALCOHOL

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13
Q

GABAA receptors without and with alcohol

A
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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What is alcohol

A

Ethanol

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16
Q

Chemical strucuture of ethanol

A
17
Q

Fuel (energy) in alcohol - but Lowkey whys it bad?

A
  • fuel: 29kJ/g
  • potential toxin

Sinfgifiactn amount of energy in it

18
Q

Absorption and elimination of alcohol graph

A
19
Q
A

(NADH can then go off to mitochondria and under go oxidative phosphorylation)

20
Q

Kinetics of alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Only takes a couple drinks to get to your Km of alchohol dehydrogenase

21
Q
A
22
Q

What is this graph saying

A
  • amount of acetaldehyde is kept very low to minimise its toxic effects
23
Q

Idk if this examinable

A
24
Q
A
25
Q

Synthetase vs synthase

A

Synthetase means ATP is used!!!

26
Q

What happens is there is too much Acetyl CoA?

A
  • If too much FA the VLDLs can take away to store in adipose tissue
  • Result: fatty liver or steatosis
  • is reviewable - can use the FA to make acetyl - CoA
27
Q

Putting it all together: glucose, fatty acids, amino acids AND ALCOHOL!

A
28
Q

Consequences of alcohol metabolism

A

Increased the NADH/NAD+ ratio (increased NADH) and increase ATP

We will then

  • slow citric acid cycle (increased acetyl CoA)
  • slow electron transport chain
  • slow pyruvate dehydrogenase
  • slow glycolysis (phosphofructokinase) (increased lactate)
  • fatty acids are estified to TAG (causes fatty liver) and can also result in hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriacyglycerolaemia
  • causes private to be converted to lactate, lowering the pH
  • inhibits gluconeogenesis which can cause low blood glucose and coma
29
Q

Metabolism of alcohol as a toxin - Microsomal ethanol oxidising system

A

Oxiode is trascibed more when u consume more alchohol
- Also metabolises other drugs; sometimes adverse reactions occur
- The oxidase can also give rise to reactive oxygen species (O2-)
- not specific

30
Q

Pathway of chronic alchohol metabolism

A
31
Q

L iver dysfunction causes build up of _____

A

iver dysfunction causes build up of NH 3

  • which is bad
32
Q
A

Ye

BIOC192 (38 decks)

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